理论上

Jacobinism is not a supra-social 'revolutionary' category, but an historical product. It is the apogee of the tension of revolutionary energy in the period of self-emancipation of bourgeois society. It is the high point of radicalism that could be produced by bourgeois society, not through developing its own contradictions but by they stifled appeal to the rights of the abstract man and citizen; in practice, the guillotine.

雅各宾主义不是超越社会的&革命的&范畴，不是的，它是一个历史的产物，在资产阶级社会自我解放的紧张的历史时代里，雅各宾主义是规模精力高涨的顶峰，它是资产阶级社会－－不是在它的内在矛盾发展过程中，而是在它受排挤和压迫的过程中－－在理论上通过诉诸抽象的人和抽象的公民权利，在实践上通过断头台而能够达到的激进主义的极限。

In fact, there is the pattern with dark central region and the high visibility diffraction fringes around, and the radius of dark region largen with thc reduced radius of the incident beam.

理论上分析了反射图样暗场的半径与边界入射光束半径的解析关系，实验室上计算了弯曲液面的斜率，进而得出弯曲液面上升的最大高度和接触角。

Ideally a laryngocele can be diagnosed by CT or MR imaging, because the content of the cyst (i.e. air or fluid) is apparent in these imaging modalities.

理论上一个喉气囊肿可以通过CT或MR诊断，因为囊肿的内容物在这些影像上表现很直观。

Acupuncture-moxibustion medicine and rehabi litation medicine have same spectrum of diseases in indications, and opportunity of treatment also is same; the both medicines have very strong complementarity in treatment methods and scientific theories.

针灸医学与康复医学在适应症上有相同的疾病谱，治疗的切入时机也相同；两者在治疗方法和学科理论上有极强的互补性，针灸医学有许多行之有效的治疗方法，康复医学的康复评定、运动疗法等颇具特色。

Fromthe view point of organization,with the rapid development of economy and society, inorder to enact effective managemental measures , it is necessary to know thecharacteristics of employees' work values,analyze the relations between work valuesand organizational behavior in theory and in practice.

从组织的角度看，随着我国经济、社会的快速发展，了解当前我国企业员工工作价值观的特点，分析它们与组织行为之间的关系，以制定有效的管理措施，理论上十分必要，实践上十分迫切。

First, this paper gives an introduction of some methods of unequal probability sampling, their estimators and variance estimators, including sampling with pps with replacement, methods of sampling without replacement suggested by Brewer, Durbin, Sampford , Des Raj , Murthy , Rao-Hartley-Cochran. Then, at the basis of Rao and Bayless's study , we consider that population can be splited two random subpopulations, which are respectively drawn from different infinite super-populations, and compare the stabilities of estimators of the methods that given above.

本文首先从理论上介绍了若干种不等概率抽样方法，它们的估计量、估计量的方差及其估计，其中包括有放回PPZ及PPS抽样，不放回不等概率抽样中的Brewer、Durbin、Sampford、Des Raj，Murthy、Rao-Hartley-Cochran等人的方法；其次，在Rao和Bayless两人就样本单元数n=2的情形对上述抽样方法进行比较的基础上，将总体随机地分成两个子总体，视每个子总体取自不同的线性超总体，在文中，我们利用计算机实现随机分组，并通过画图比较各方法估计量的稳定性，结果表明，对变异系数C.V。

First, this paper gives an introduction of some methods of unequal probability sampling, their estimators and variance estimators, including sampling with pps with replacement, methods of sampling without replacement suggested by Brewer, Durbin, Sampford , Des Raj , Murthy , Rao-Hartley-Cochran.Then, at the basis of Rao and Baylesss study , we consider that population can be splited two random subpopulations, which are respectively drawn from different infinite super-populations, and compare the stabilities of estimators of the methods that given above.

本文首先从理论上介绍了若干种不等概率抽样方法，它们的估计量、估计量的方差及其估计，其中包括有放回PPZ及PPS抽样，不放回不等概率抽样中的Brewer、Durbin、Sampford、Des Raj，Murthy、Rao-Hartley-Cochran等人的方法；其次，在Rao和Bayless两人就样本单元数n=2的情形对上述抽样方法进行比较的基础上，将总体随机地分成两个子总体，视每个子总体取自不同的线性超总体，在文中，我们利用计算机实现随机分组，并通过画图比较各方法估计量的稳定性，结果表明，对变异系数C.V。

Noncollinear phase matching is less exigent and can be related to a larger effective coefficient than collinear PM.

本文对三波参量作用中相位匹配，特别是非共线相位匹配的特性从理论上和实验上作了深入的研究。

On the basis of summarizing the R-μ-T relation and overstrength effect in seismic design of RC structures, the different methods of "capacity design" measures in Chinese code and several influential foreign codes are compared, then problems existing in the seismic design of Chinese RC frame structures is put forward.

3在总结R-μ-T关系和结构超强效应研究成果的基础上，对比分析了我国建筑抗震设计规范及国外有影响的几本抗震规范&能力设计&的实施方案，提出了我国规范在对钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震设计思路中存在的理论上的不合理之处。

The best theoretical solution to a partitional clustering problem is to find all possible partitions and choose the partition that minimizes the objective function. However, the enumeration of all possible partitions is impractical even for data sets of moderate size. Therefore, as an alternative, most partitional approaches use an iterative optimization technique. And this could be cause local minimum.

本文在分析了目前聚类的基本方法的基础上，指出以K平均法等为代表的分割聚类虽然理论上找到类的所有划分并使得目标函数最小就可以获得最优解，但由于对于相当尺度的数据集列举所有可能的划分并不现实，因而多数分割方法采用迭代优化技术作为变通。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。