理解能力

This study follows "analyzing theory-developing tool-investigation andstatistics-displaying relationship-proving hypothesis", defines the connotation ofteaching aesthetic ability by methods of literature research, questionnaire investigation and factor analysis, explores the structure of teaching aesthetic ability which comprises perceptibility, design ability, operation ability, apprehension ability and evaluation ability by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; And develops "Teacher"s teaching aesthetic ability appraisal scale in primary and middle school" and "Teacher"s aesthetic conception and consciousness questionnaire", analyses the developmental characteristics of teachers

本研究遵循"理论分析——研制工具——调查统计——揭示关系——验证假设"的思路，采用文献研究、问卷调查、因素分析等方法，界定了教学审美能力的内涵，通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析，探索出了教学审美能力是由教学审美感知能力、教学审美设计能力、教学审美操作能力、教学审美理解能力、教学审美体验能力和教学审美评价能力六个因素构成的整体结构；并在此基础上编制了"中小学教师教学审美能力评价量表"，解决了中小学教师教学审美能力测量工具缺乏的问题，具有科学性和实用性。

The results showed that preschooler's Theory of Mind and emotion understanding increased with the age.

研究结果表明：(1)幼儿的心理理论和情绪理解在3～5岁期间发生了巨大的变化，在5岁的时候大多数的幼儿已经基本上具备了心理理论和情绪理解的能力，4岁是幼儿心理理论和情绪理解能力发展的关键年龄；(2)幼儿的心理理论和情绪理解的相关显著，即使在控制了语言和年龄的影响后，心理理论能力仍然和情绪理解能力在总体上相关显著；(3)在排除了语言和年龄的影响后，对他人错误信念的理解能力和情绪观点采择能力的相关也仍然显著。

The aim of the study is to test the ability of reading comprehension for the students who are in 3～4 grades in the primary school, to improve the teaching methods of reading for school and also to provide tools for the clinic diagnosis and curriculum reform.

研究目的旨在检测三、四年级小学生语文的阅读理解能力，有针对性地帮助学生提高阅读理解能力，为学校提供改进阅读教学的方法，为临床诊断和治疗提供筛选工具。

The students can exercise their expressive ability, resolving power, understanding ability, and especially the teamwork spirit.

在游戏中锻炼学生的表达能力，分析辨别能力，理解能力，还有更重要的一点——团队协作精神。

raises student's reading understanding ability, should first raise student's power of thought that develops student's in reading thought potential and analysis question ability.

培养学生的阅读理解能力，就应首先培养学生的思维能力，开发学生在阅读中的思维潜能和分析问题的能力。

Most of the e-learning research topics focus on metadata of learning object. These studies extract useful information from metadata, and use them to organize the LOs. However, to understand the metadata is not enough to organize the multimedia-style LO in meaningful manner. The comprehensive multimedia-style LO is especially useful for mobile learners to choose what they really demanded. In order to attack the problem, this project uses multi-agent technique to develop a personalized hyper-seamless learning environment for managing LOs comprehensibly. Following that, the proposed environment coordinates two agents: Content Reorganize Agent, and Zone Agent to provide mobile learners the efficient multimedia-style learning experience. The CRA is responsible for reorganizing the discovered critical multimedia content by analyzing learner』s behavior and the multimedia』s annotation. The ZA is designed for terminal devices to monitor the learning behavior, and it sends the collected behaviors to CRA for evaluating. Moreover, the ZAs can communicate with each other, and they can self-organize as a group for sharing learning resources. Due to the cooperation of the two agents, the learning environment can give the properly multimedia-style LO for learners without bandwidth squandering. Finally, we expect this project can construct a comprehensive multimedia-style LO map for efficient personalized seamless learning.

中文摘要大多数的数位学习研究著重於如何利用学习物件的Metadata来组织管理学习物件，然而只透过Metadata仍旧无法有效管理多媒体形态之学习物件，多媒体学习物件的内容若能被了解，则学习者能正确的选择所需的学习内容，尤其是行动学习，能正确选择行动内容不但能减少频宽的浪费，亦能有效利用行动装置有限的资源，有鉴於此，本研究计画拟利用多重代理人机制发展个人化超无缝学习环境来管理内容可被理解之多媒体形态学习物件，在超无缝学习环境中Content Reorganize Agent 与Zone Agent 这两支代理人程式负责协调作业以提供高品质之行动学习经验，其中CRA所负责的工作为分析学习行为与学习物件之注解找出多媒体关键内容来重组具备学习主题之多媒体学习内容，而ZA为安装於学习装置端的代理人程式，其负责监督学生在学习过程中产生的行为，并将该资讯传回CRA以供分析，此外ZA与ZA之间具备自我群聚组织的能力，同一群组下的ZA可彼此共享所需的学习资源，透过CRA与ZA的合作，个人化超无缝学习环境能在不浪费网路频宽的前提下，提供正确且合适的多媒体学习物件给行动学习者，最后我们预期透过本计画的执行能够建立具备内容理解能力之学习物件模型，并利用此模型提供有效率的个人化无缝学习。

This paper discusses the contradictive situation between the importance of listening comprehension in English teaching and learning in senior high school and students'poor ability of listening comprehension.

本论文讨论了高中英语教学中听力理解的重要性和学生听力理解能力普遍低下两者间的现实矛盾并提出假设：背景知识是否是影响高中生的英语听力理解能力的一个因素？

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

Certain vocabulary and syntax more skilful analysis capabilities is the basis of a correct reading comprehension, and better reading skills and methods will help improve reading comprehension ability and speed.

一定の词汇量和较娴熟の语法分析能力是正确阅读理解の基础，而较好の阅读技巧和方法则会有助于提高阅读理解の能力和速度。

Development of the general selective attention parallels with the development of verbal mental age in DS children, while visual perception and shape discrimination are underdeveloping the verbal mental age. No difference is found in switching attention except error response of shape. DS children have worse performance in terms of sustained attention. Compare to verbal mental age, there is an uneven pattern of the development of attention.

2与词汇理解能力的发展水平相比，DS组儿童的一般选择性注意相对较好，但其视觉感知、形状辨别能力低于其词汇理解能力的发展；转移性注意和持续性注意也相对落后；注意力各组分与词汇理解能力发展不一致，处于不均衡状态。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。