理解

Imaginary number is not also understood in entity space, but understood theoretically and imaginatively.

也许可以象理解虚数 i 一样来理解0、∞，虚数也不是在实体空间来理解的，也是在理论上和想象中理解的。

The subjects were two hearing-impaired children, and received "Reading Comprehension Test" developed by this study for four times at the baseline stage, fifteen times at the comparison stage, and five times at the final stage. The test results were analyzed by visual analysis and C statistics to compare the effects of cooperative learning and self-instruction on the reading comprehension.

研究对象为二名听觉障碍儿童，受试者在基线阶段各实施四次自编「阅读理解测验」，介入比较阶段各实施十五次自编「阅读理解测验」，最后阶段实施五次自编「阅读理解测验」，测验结果以视觉分析及C统计来分析比较使用合作学习与自我教导教学的阅读理解成效。

Swain (1985) that, despite the "comprehensible input" right language is essential, But understanding inputs itself is not enough to lead to successful language acquisition, the success of second language learners need not only comprehensible input, we need "understandable output."

Swain(1985)认为，尽管"可理解的输入"对语言学习是必不可少的，但理解性输入本身还不足以导致成功的语言习得，成功的二语学习者不仅需要可理解的输入，更需要"可理解的输出"。

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

The sciential understanding should be explained from the historical process of the theory's development.

科学理解应该从劳动价值理论发展的历史过程来解释，以整个价值理论为背景来理解，从方法论层次上来理解，从准确把握一些概念及其关系上来理解。

Deductive or inductive seems not to have affected text comprehensibility much, but the interactive cumulating miscues at the discourse level played an important role in discourse comprehension.

本文借助TylerandBro(1992)语篇现象与受话理解的研究，对53名学习英语的中国学生和10名本民族语言人进行了不同信息排列组合与语篇标记错误，二语写作错误对语篇理解的影响的调查，发现不同信息排列组合的语篇对英语本民族与非本民族语言人的语篇理解均无很大影响，而累积的、相互作用的语篇标记错误，却对语篇理解有着至关重要的作用。

Seen from Marxism philosophys understanding history, due to the different understandings to the essence that Marx oversteps Feuerbach, some different understandings to the essence of Marxism philosophy have arisen, and even some are opposite.

从马克思哲学理解史上看，由于对马克思超越费尔巴哈的实质的理解不同，出现了对马克思哲学本质的不同理解，有的甚至是对立的理解。

But Poppers understanding theory believes understanding not only suits to the humanities but also to natural science, and the understandings of the humanities and natural science have the same nature.

但波普尔的理解理论认为理解既适用于人文科又适用于自然科学，人文科学的理解和自然科学的理解具有共通性。

Wage determination system is the core of labor market. Analyzing wage determination system is the basis of understanding labor market and economic function. There are significant to understanding wage reform through analyzing human capital returning rate in segmented labor market and it is important to know about the change of wage determination system in the course of reform.

根据劳动力市场理论，工资决定机制是劳动力市场运行的核心组成部分，理解工资决定机制是理解劳动力市场，进而理解经济运行的基础，而考察人力资本在分割的劳动力市场中的回报率对于理解工资改革有着重要的意义，认识改革过程中工资决定机制的变化也是一个非常重要的问题。

Based on the language materials collected, the third chapter analyses the understanding restriction conditions of "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" ambiguity structure from the NP_2"s life and the VP"s mobility. The author comes to the following conclusions: the NP_2"s life rank with the "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" structural ambiguity in understanding becomes the correlation dependence, the monosyllable verb which expresses the hands" and the foot"s movement, easily combining with the tense auxiliary, enter the "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" structure to form the latent ambiguity structure; the double syllable verb which has the causes feature is easy to enter the"VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" structure to form latent ambiguity structure; the double syllable "noun-verb", with the influence of the behind noun NP_1, both can be understood as the valency combination, and the non-valency combination, thus causes the "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2structure to appear ambiguity.

在第三章中，我们将在语料分析的基础上分别从NP_2的生命度和VP的动性这两方面探讨这一歧义结构在理解上的制约条件：NP_2的生命度等级与&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&歧义结构理解为偏正结构的几率成正相关关系：表示手、脚等的单音节动词容易与时态助词结合，进入&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&结构形成潜在的歧义结构；带有致使特征的双音节动词容易进入&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&结构形成潜在的歧义结构；双音节的&名动词&由于受其后所跟的名词NP_1的影响，既能理解为配价组合，又能理解为非价组合，从而使得&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&结构出现歧义。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。