理想精神

ABSTRACT After the ebb-tide of the May 4th Movement, the Chinese modern thoughts and literary circles went from relative unity towards diversity Up to the 1930's, behind the spirit transformation at the end of the twenties, Chinese modern intellectuals began to relocate and redesign their own outlooks on life and literary ideal The Lunyu School, which was led by Zhou Zuoren and Lin Yutang, mostly appeared as leisure humorous essays in some journals, such as Lun Yu, Ren Jian Shi and Yu Zhou Feng which was edited by Lin Yutang It formed an unique landscape at that time This thesis focused on the Lunyu School as the main object of my study I investigate the Lunyu School by putting it into the vertical orbit of changes of the thoughts and literary circles after the May 4th Movement, and by comparing it with the mainstream of Left-wing and other literary schools in the thirties Through the exploration of Lunyu School's political and social thoughts, literary ideas and aspects of prose creation, I pursue the life choice of some free intellectuals in the thirties, and draw psychological outline of an age of intellectuals, which was very complicated and attractive during that specified time and space When we reconsider the rights and wrongs, the merits and demerits, and the gains and losses in theory and creations of Lunyu School intellectuals, any oversimplified study method would be of"no avail but the waste of mind"Unless ample estimation of their own complexity and contradiction is made, furthermore subtly delineates quite a lot of originates which caused these complexity and contradiction, the research will not be valuable In face of the whizzed coming Left-wing movement in literature, Lunyu School acted as a reconsideration in literary modernity such reconsideration is a layer of thinking They introspected intellectuals'essential mind and enlightened reason, querying the impulsive, swift and fierce ideological trend, judging by value in the relations between individuality and society, individuality and era, literature and politics.

五四落潮后，中国现代思想界、文学界由相对统一走向分化，至二十世纪三十年代，现代知识分子经由二十年代末期的精神蜕变，开始重新定位和设计自己的人生观和文学理想。以"京兆布衣"周作人为精神领袖、以林语堂为主帅的论语派，以幽默闲适小品文相号召，在林语堂主编的一系列刊物《论语》、《人间世》、《宇宙风》上聚集，南北呼应，造成了当时文坛的一种独特景观。本论文以论语派为研究对象，将其放在五四以后文学界与思想界变动的纵向轨迹上，放在与三十年代左翼主流话语的颉颃及与其它文学流派的比照中加以考察，通过对论语派政治社会思想、文学观念及散文创作诸方面的探讨，追索三十年代一部分自由知识分子的人生选择，勾划出他们在一个特定时空里复杂又极具魅力的心理轮廓。学术界对论语派中一些主要作家已有较深入的研究，但迄今为止，尚无从整体上对这一文学流派作宏观研究的专著，而陈旧的理论视界又往往阻碍了对论语派的重新评价。

We can inherit and develop pursuing spirit to ideal boundary in traditional moral accomplishment, strengthen self-accomplishment, advocate

我们要继承和发扬传统道德修养中对理想境界的执着追求精神，加强自我修养，大力提倡"慎独"精神，顺应教育现代化和社会主义市场经济发展的潮流，培养学生的主体性道德素质，帮助当代学生确定自己的和谐、崇高的人生价值的定位。

Rooted in Chinese modernization practice, deriving from Chinese traditional values, drawing the reasonable thoughts of pragmatism, developing the usefulness and discarding the uselessness of the value concept of the western market economy, Collectivism values under socialist market system is the perfect integration and high unity of individual and group、the interest of individual and collective, can be interpreted as follows: relation between individual and collective interest is the nucleus, mutual interests is the premise, impartiality and justice is the lever, utilitarian principle is the motive power, dedicatative spirit is the direction, competition and practice is the means, common prosperity is the realistic pursuit, Communism is the goal. It is no doubt that collectivism will play an important role in Socialist modernization construction, stimulate Chinese creative enthusiasm, enrich social material and spiritual wealth, stride to the boundary ideal society of"The United Body of Free Man".

植根于社会主义现代化实践，渊源于中国的传统文化、汲取了实用主义的合理思想，扬弃了西方市场经济的价值观念，以个人与集体利益关系为轴心，以互利互惠为前提，以公平和公正为杠杆，以功利原则为动力，以奉献精神为导向，以竞争务实为实现手段，以共同富裕为现实追求，以共产主义为价值指归，实现了个体与群体、个人利益与集体利益的完满结合和高度统一的社会主义市场经济条件下的集体主义价值观，必将对我国社会主义现代化建设发挥重要的价值导向作用，必将以其特有的功能激发起人们的创造热情，丰富社会的物质和精神财富，以最终向着"自由人联合体"的理想社会境界迈进。

The ideal values of the urban drops from divine spiritual fields to common customs, the holy temples, former urban's spiritual symbolics are replaced by skyscrapers, pillars, speedways and intersections.

城市的理想价值从神圣的精神领域又重跌到世俗领域，原先作为城市精神象征的圣殿规模缩小了，取而代之的是摩天大楼的工业庞然大物，混凝土、钢铁和玻璃的柱子、高速公路、立交桥以其咄咄逼人的架势主宰着城市景观的价值体系——城市原有的历史厚重感、文化魅力被无情铲平，城市失去沉甸甸的历史底韵之后，不再是市民魂牵梦绕的家园。

Su Yu"s work exhibits a thematic shift from aesthetic judgment to the judgment of unaesthetic, with a constant focus, whether "judgment of the un-aesthetic "," exposure " or " rebellion " as depicted in her work, are all. the author"s pursuit of aesthetic beauty, which implies deep down beneath the surface of the work, with awareness of the absurdity of the reality and the spiritual agonies, the reconstruction of human spiritual realm and re-attainment, through "imagination", of the return to pure human nature survival ideal.

斯妤的创作经历了由审美向审丑的转变，其目的是一致的，小说中具体表现为无论"审丑"、"揭露"，还是"反抗"，都仍是作家对美的追寻方式，在使人们意识到现实荒诞、精神苦痛之后，于作品深处暗示着美丽精神家园的重建，通过"幻想"达到回归人性纯真的生存理想。

According to the different educational subjects and functions, the author divided the educational purposes into three parts: the ideal of education, the educational principle and the education goals, in order to analyze the different educational aspirations and the mutual relations among them; and further point out that educational spirit reflects the basic interests and values of human activities on education, which constitute the core educational purpose; the fundamental purpose of researching education is to uphold and promote the spirit of education, which is to promote a comprehensive and healthy"life and growth"for the educatee.

笔者根据不同教育主体教育功能的差异将教育目的划分为教育理想、教育宗旨和教育目标等三类，分别剖析其各不相同的教育利益诉求以及彼此之间的相互关系；并进一步指出，教育精神反映了人类对教育活动最基本的利益追求和价值取向，构成了教育目的的基本内核；研究教育目的的根本意义在于坚持和弘扬教育精神，也就是要促进受教育者全面健康的&生活与成长&。

An ideal psychal health care system should let the schizophrenia patient get appropriate treatment, maintained certain quality of life and minimise the caregiver burden,. In the past, the impact on quality of the life of patient's disease was considered. Now we pay attention to patients themselves and can influence quality of life and caregiver burden.

理想的精神健康照护体系应让精神分裂症患者获得妥善的照顾，维持一定的生活品质与将照顾者负荷减至最低，过去研究考量的患者疾病状况对生活品质的影响，但现在逐渐重视患者自身需要对其生活品质与照顾者负荷的影响。

Neither the media's attempts at romanticizing peace, prosperity and a leisure society, nor the governments new efforts to organize mass sporting events in a bid to underscore the nation's enterprising spirit and its aspirations of becoming a superpower can act as a pill to reconcile the underlying social paradox.

但是随着资本经济体制的介入和国家社会保障体系的滞后，现实中&社会残忍度&仍然在加剧，即使是媒体一再渲染和平盛世、全民娱乐的精神，甚至倾全国之力举办大量运动会来强调大国理想和进取精神也不能成为解决实际社会矛盾的救心丸。

All of them had the aspect of the national energy which has vanquished obstacles to subside on its ideal .

他们都有充满民族精神的外貌，这种民族精神曾经战胜阻碍它实现它的理想的艰难险阻。

China tradition scholar the painter dissolve this kind of humanities spirit of Confucianism in to go in the painting, from beginning to end all pierce through 1 kind to the emotion of the world experience and humanities comfort, pass various to the person and the nature relation of just like it cent of the confidence come to intermediation with dissolve various antinomy, thus realization person and nature relation of harmony development, also solved the spirit of settle down of person's oneself to consign in the meantime, attain people thus want to pursue of ideal state.

中国传统文人画家将儒家的这种人文精神溶入到绘画中去，自始至终都贯穿着一种对世界的情感体验和人文慰藉，通过对人与自然界各种关系的恰如其分的把握来调解和化解各种矛盾，从而实现人与自然界关系的和谐发展，同时也解决了人自身的安身立命的精神寄托，从而达到人们所要追求的理想境界。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。