理性主义

It's necessary to spread the risks and losses even if the tortfeasors are not blameful because he has not intentionally or negligently caused the damage.

在这一背景下，现代侵权法的理念开始发生根本性的变化，即由过去的理性主义走向理性主义与人本主义的结合。

Modern rationalism, by contrast, sees this event as the outcome of a mistaken but corrigible understanding of the relation between philosophy and politics, and it argues that civil society can be improved by, and rendered hospitable to, the public exercise of philosophic reason.

与此相对照，现代理性主义则把两者的张力看作对于哲学与政治关系的错误认识的结果，并且认为这种错误认识可以被改变，现代理性主义认为，公民社会可以通过民众的哲学理智实践而改善，而且可以使公民社会乐于接受这样的实践。

The critical rationalism proofs that the demarcation standard between science and non-science is falsifiability; but Feyerabend insists that the demarcation standard between science and non-science should be cleared up. The core of critical rationalism is perjury methodology. He considers the scientific method is not induction but deduce inspection. Feyerabend retorts critical rationalism School still can't be escaped from angle of view of the logical empiricism.

批判理性主义论证了科学与非科学的划界标准是可证伪的；而费耶阿本德主张消解科学与非科学的划界标准；批判理性主义的核心思想是证伪主义方法论，认为科学的方法不是归纳法而是演绎检验法，费耶阿本德反驳到：批判理性主义学派依然逃脱不了逻辑经验主义学派的"经验论"视角。

There are two opposite approaches to the study of public policy making, namely, rationalism and irrationalism.

理性主义决策模型和反理性主义决策模型是政策制定方法论上对立的两极。

Rationalism, irrationalism and anti rationalism are the basic features of the three philosophies respectively.

理性主义、非理性主义和反理性主义是这三个哲学发展阶段的重要表征。

Through the dilema of rationalism and irrationalism,we can see that:thecharacteristics of materialism in Marxism philosophy shows that it has transcendedthe horizon of Rationalism and Irrationalism,but it doesn't neglect the research forrelation of rationality and irrationality.

从理性主义和非理性主义的理论困境中，我们看到：马克思主义哲学的实践唯物主义性质表明它已超越了理性主义和非理性主义的理论视野，但它没有忽视理性和非理性关系问题的研究，只是它对这一问题的研究是在它的实践观中得到澄明的。

Parsons applied this theoretic model to explain the main feature of modernist's personality----the forming process of economic rationalism: it is not only an independent and inborn personality, the posteriority factor is also included, which is produced in the interaction course of economic subsystem and social subsystem.

应用这一理论模型，帕森斯解释了现代人格的最主要特征-----经济理性主义的形成过程：经济理性主义不仅仅是一种独立固有的人性，其中也有后天因素，后天因素产生于经济子系统与社会子系统相互调节的互动作用中。

Under the postmodernism background, the author tries to survey the development of the western philosophy by connecting the development of the western traditional reasonable philosophy in itself with philosophical crises from self-reasonable angle, therefore, the author chooses some typical and marked philosophers theories to discuss in the course of traditional reasonable philosophy, as follows the author collects the case of Socrates Descartes Kant and Hussel, meanwhile, adopts selfreason as the clue of their theories, concerns about their .philosophical ways contexts philosophical problems and philosophical trouble to reconception.

本文是在后现代思潮高涨的背景下，试图从把西方传统理性主义哲学本身的发展和西方哲学危机结合起来重新审视西方哲学的发展，通过选取在对传统理性主义哲学发展路途上具有里程碑作用的几个哲学家思想的探讨，因此我选取了苏格拉底、笛卡尔、康德、胡塞尔四位思想家的理性自我哲学，对他们的哲学方式、方法内容，由其带来的哲学问题和所面临的困境的反思，尝试着来看传统理性主义哲学到底走向何方？

James fights all kinds of rationalism since its theory is superficial; its system is closed; and it shows us a static world, which has no practical life, no conflicts in it. Actually, the world is unfit for the true world, which is open, unperfect, and we live in it effectly.

詹姆士反对一切形式的理性主义，认为理性主义的哲学思想是肤浅的，所提供的理论体系是封闭的，所描绘的绝对统一的世界是没有实际生活、没有矛盾的、静态的世界，这与现实的、开放的、不完善的宇宙不相符合。2。

The Enlightenment trend made three inclinations come into being, such as the empiricism, the rationalism and the ethic of sensibility. Because of the three inclinations, the Enlightenment trend had three types of modes. In England where the empiricism prevailed, the narrative literature which emphasizes realism came into being. In France where the rationalism prevailed, the argumental literature which emphasizes thinking came into being. And in the influence of the ethic of sensibility, different kinds of lyric literature came into being.

启蒙主义包括经验主义、理性主义和情感伦理这三个方向，它影响启蒙主义文学形成了三种基本的书写模式：在经验主义盛行的英国，产生了重写实的叙事型文学；在理性主义盛行的法国，产生了重思考的议论型文学；而在情感伦理的影响下，则产生了不同形式的抒情型文学。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。