球轴承

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Variety including gulley ball bearing, cylindrical roller bearing, spherical surface roller bearings, circular cone roller bearings, angle contact ball bearing, needle bearing and other many kinds of types.

品种包括深沟球轴承、圆柱滚子轴承、球面滚子轴承、圆锥滚子轴承、角接触球轴承、滚针轴承及其它多种类型。

Tapered roller bearings, Deep groove ball bearings, Angular contact ball bearings, Self-aligning ball bearings, Thrust bearings, Spherical roller bearings,Single row cylindrical bearings, Pillow block bearings etc.

圆锥滚子轴承、深沟球轴承、角接触球轴承、调心球轴承、推力轴承、调心滚子轴承、单列圆柱滚子轴承、外球面轴承等。

The main products include deep groove ball bearing, variation core roller bearing, cylinder roller bearing, british system bearing, variation core ball bearing, double row deep groove ball bearing, pillow block bearing, corner touch bearing, trust roller bearing, tapered roller bearing, and spherical roller bearing.

主营产品包括：深沟球轴承、调心滚珠轴承、圆柱滚珠轴承、英制轴承、调心球轴承、双列深沟球轴承、座架、角接触轴承、推力球轴承、圆锥滚子轴承和球面滚珠轴承。

The effect of the friction moment of bearings on performance is researched. The forming mechanic and influence factors of the friction moment of ball bearing are analyzed. Suitable clearness and groove radius of ball bearings are obtained by experiment and calculation. The relationship between starting moment of ball bearing and various lubricants is analyzed. The measure for reducing the starting moment of ball bearing is put forward, it is the theory basis and reference for ball bearing design of small power unit system.The system is an unstable system when the 24-station ball pen tip production machine is running because of various interferences. It is too hard to describe the system by linear method, so the nonlinear formulation must be used.

研究了小动力头系统轴承摩擦力矩对运转性能的影响，分析了球轴承摩擦力矩的产生机理及影响因素，采用实验和计算的方法得到了动力头球轴承的合理间隙及球轴承沟曲率半径，分析了各种润滑剂与球轴承启动力矩的关系，并提出了减小轴承启动力矩的措施，为小动力头系统的轴承设计提供了理论依据及实践参考。24工位笔头加工机械在笔头的生产加工过程中，由于受到各种因素的干扰是一个不稳定系统，其稳定性会发生一定变化，而且很难用线性方法表述。

UBC series bearings include Deep Groove Ball Bearings, Thrust Ball Bearings to the heart, automatic self-aligning ball bearings, automatic self-aligning roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, needle roller bearings, auto special bearings, tapered roller bearings, plane thrust bearing, outside spherical bearing support projects in various industries such as special bearings.

UBC系列轴承包括深沟球轴承、向心推力球轴承、自动调心球轴承、自动调心滚子轴承、圆柱滚子轴承、滚针轴承、汽车专用轴承、圆锥滚子轴承、平面推力轴承、外球面轴承座及各行业项目专用轴承等。

9 Class from P0-P2 level, medical equipment bearings, wheel bearings (four points, cross-, three-row, double row, ball columns mixed) large-scale, large deep groove ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, spherical self-aligning roller bearings, angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, thrust ball and thrust angular contact ball bearings, thrust cylindrical roller bearings, thrust tapered roller bearings, Thrust Self-aligning roller bearings, wheel bearings and inch tapered bearing with special structure and non-standard and dozens of types, and can be processed inside diameter Φ150 ~Φ5000mm bearings.

0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9类从P0-P2级，医疗器械轴承，转盘轴承（四点，交叉，三排，双列，球柱混合）大型，特大型深沟球轴承，圆柱滚子轴承，球面调心滚子轴承，角接触球轴承，圆锥滚子轴承，推力球和推力角接触球轴承，推力圆柱滚子轴承，推力圆锥滚子轴承，推力调心滚子轴承，转盘轴承和英制圆锥及非标准特殊结构轴承等几十种类型，可以加工内径Φ150～Φ5000mm的轴承。

Our company is specializing in the production of bearings manufacturers, mainly produced varieties: deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings, needle roller bearings, angular contact ball bearings, the British system of tapered roller bearings, thrust ball bearings, thrust roller Bearings, bearing portfolio, joint bearings, spindle bearing, Gou wheel bearings, cars clutch bearings, air-conditioning compressor bearings, aligning roller bearings, double row angular contact bearings, double row ball bearings, the tight sets, agricultural machinery bearings, Mount steam accessories, and Velocity Joint etc..

我公司是专业生产轴承的厂家，主要生产品种有：深沟球轴承、圆柱滚子轴承、滚针轴承、角接触球轴承、英制圆锥滚子轴承、推力球轴承、推力滚子轴承、组合轴承、关节轴承、电主轴轴承、轮彀轴承、轿车离合器分离轴承、空调压缩机轴承、调心滚子轴承、双列角接触轴承、双列球轴承、紧定套、农机轴承、摩汽配件、及等速万向节等。

The registered mark of Derun is WDRZ. We specialize in manufacturing thrust roller bearings. Our main products are thrust ball bearings, thrust cylindrical roller bearings, thrust taper roller bearings, thrust angular contact ball bearings and thrust aligning roller bearings ,deep groove ball bearing,spherical plain bearing,self-aligning bearing ,slewing bearing,and so forth. We also produce non-standard thrust roller bearings ,cylindrical roller bearing ,tapered rolling bearing,oscillating bearing,four-point contact ballbearing according to customers' requirements.

瓦房店德润轴承制造有限公司注册商标为&WDRZ&是专业制造推力找的制造厂家，产品包括：推力球轴承、推力角接触球轴承、推力圆柱滚子轴承、推力圆锥滚子轴承、推力调心滚子轴承、满滚子圆柱轴承、关节轴承、深沟球轴承、英制圆锥轴承，并且可以根据用户要求设计制造各种非标准轴承。

The registered mark of Derun is WDRZ. We specialize in manufacturing thrust roller bearings. Our main products are thrust ball bearings, thrust cylindrical roller bearings, thrust taper roller bearings, thrust angular contact ball bearings and thrust aligning roller bearings ,deep groove ball bearing,spherical plain bearing,self-aligning bearing ,slewing bearing,and so forth. We also produce non-standard thrust roller bearings ,cylindrical roller bearing ,tapered rolling bearing,oscillating bearing,four-point contact ballbearing according to customers' requirements.

瓦房店德润轴承制造有限公司注册商标为&WDRZ&是专业制造推力轴承的制造厂家，产品包括：推力球轴承、推力角接触球轴承、推力圆柱滚子轴承、推力圆锥滚子轴承、推力调心滚子轴承、满滚子圆柱轴承、关节轴承、深沟球轴承、英制圆锥轴承，并且可以根据用户要求设计制造各种非标准轴承。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。