球形

The scattering properties of particles with different shape parameters are simulated respectively in the modes of reflection and refraction. Both in the modes of reflection and refraction, the phase difference of non-spherical particle's PDA signal is the unbiased estimate of the corresponding phase difference of ideal spherical particle, and the standard deviation of angle roughness scale on particle surface impacts little on the distribution of phase difference.

本文通过物理光学的方法分析了非理想球形粒子的散射特性，利用物理光学中的稳相点理论，导出了非理想球形粒子散射光的相位表达形式，分析了非理想球形粒子的形状对PDA信号相位及相位差的影响，建立了非理想球形粒子的尺寸分布与PDA信号相位差分布之间的关系。

The experimental results show that:(1) for ideal spheres, the attenuation coefficient of velocity is constant, the air drag coefficient is slightly affected by the initial velocity and is a linear function of initial velocity, and (2) for real fragments formed by a warhead, the flight performances are different from ideal spheres, the air drag coefficient is affected by the flight velocity and is a linear function of flight velocity.

实验结果表明：(1)对于理想球形钨合金破片，在同一初始速度条件下，衰减系数为常数，空气阻力系数与初始速度有关，两者成线性关系；(2)对于经历爆轰驱动的球形钨合金破片，由于有轻微的质量损失和变形，速度衰减规律与理想球形钨合金破片有明显的区别，空气阻力系数与飞行速度有关，两者成线性关系。

New contributions of this work are as follows:(1). Preparation of Spherical MgCl_2-Supported Late-Transition Metal Catalysts for Ethylene PolymerizationFacile and effective immobilization of late-transition metal catalysts. 2,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) butane diimine nickel dibromide (1) and 2,6-bis-[1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine iron dichloride (2), for ethylene polymerization has been achieved, using spherical MgCl_2 supports obtained by thermal dealcoholization of MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH, and the effects of dealcoholization temperature on supported late-transition metal catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers were studied, the results indicated that:1.Supports with appropriate mechanical strength, high surface area and high porosity could be prepared by thermal dealcoholization of spherical MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH supports; 2.BET, XRD, IR, SEM, GPC and DSC analyses indicate that the activities of the supported late-transition metal catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature.

本工作的新贡献如下：(1)、球形氯化镁负载后过渡金属催化荆催化乙烯聚合本文将配合物2，3-双(2，6-二异丙基苯亚胺)丁烷二溴化镍(1)和配合物2，6-二[1-(2，4，6-三甲基苯亚胺)乙基]吡啶二氯化铁(2)分别直接负载于经不同热脱醇温度处理的球形氯化镁载体上，研究了氯化镁载体的脱醇温度对负载化后过渡金属催化剂及其聚合物的影响，研究表明：1、通过对球形MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH载体进行热脱醇处理，可以获得合适机械强度、较高比表面积和较高孔隙度的球形氯化镁载体；2、BET，XRD，IR，SEM，GPC和DSC研究表明，脱醇温度极大地影响负载后过渡金属催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能。

New contributions of this work are as follows:(1). Preparation of Spherical MgCl_2-Supported Late-Transition Metal Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization Facile and effective immobilization of late-transition metal catalysts. 2,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) butane diimine nickel dibromide (1) and 2,6-bis-[1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine iron dichloride (2), for ethylene polymerization has been achieved, using spherical MgCl_2 supports obtained by thermal dealcoholization of MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH, and the effects of dealcoholization temperature on supported late-transition metal catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers were studied, the results indicated that: 1.Supports with appropriate mechanical strength, high surface area and high porosity could be prepared by thermal dealcoholization of spherical MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH supports; 2.BET, XRD, IR, SEM, GPC and DSC analyses indicate that the activities of the supported late-transition metal catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature.

本工作的新贡献如下：(1)、球形氯化镁负载后过渡金属催化荆催化乙烯聚合本文将配合物2，3-双(2，6-二异丙基苯亚胺)丁烷二溴化镍(1)和配合物2，6-二[1-(2，4，6-三甲基苯亚胺)乙基]吡啶二氯化铁(2)分别直接负载于经不同热脱醇温度处理的球形氯化镁载体上，研究了氯化镁载体的脱醇温度对负载化后过渡金属催化剂及其聚合物的影响，研究表明： 1、通过对球形MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH载体进行热脱醇处理，可以获得合适机械强度、较高比表面积和较高孔隙度的球形氯化镁载体； 2、BET，XRD，IR，SEM，GPC和DSC研究表明，脱醇温度极大地影响负载后过渡金属催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能。

The plasma frequency of doped semiconductor can be adjusted by changing the dope concentration.

其次，讨论了颜料粒子的单散射性质，计算了球形均匀粒子、包覆球形粒子、旋转椭球粒子以及其它非球形粒子的散射和吸收性质。

After 30 days, the cultures were preserved in darkness, and 4 types of resting cysts were found after another 90 days:(1) spherical to ovoid cysts (25-39 μm long) covered by asparse or numerous calcareous attachments (1-4 μm long) and a calcareous surface;(2) spherical cysts (29-35 μm diameter) with a noncalcareous surface attachment, calcareous surface;(3)spherical to ovoid cysts (29-35 μm long) w ithout any surface attachment and a calcareous surface; and (4) spherical c ysts (24- 35 μm diameter) without any surface attachment and an organic surf ace.

培养30天后，培养液中有大量休眠孢囊，将藻液避光保存90天后，观察到培养基中有4种类型的休眠孢囊产生：(1)球形到椭球形(长25-39 μm)，钙质外壁，稀疏或密被钙质附属物(长1-4 μm)；(2)球形(直径为29-35 μm)，钙质外壁，附属物非钙质(长0.5-1.5 μm)；(3)球形到椭球形(长29-35 μm)，钙质，表面光滑，无附属物；(4)球形(直径24-35 μm )，有机外壁，无附属物。

The result shows that the pollen grains of the four genera are mainly spherical and subspherical, occasionally oblate or prolate.

结果表明这两个地区菊科4个属的花粉粒大多为球形或近球形，少数是扁球形或长球形。

The undercutting analysis probe the position of undercutting line and the spherical angle of spherical gears. Teeth contact analysis probe the kinematic error and the position of contact point of spherical gears with misalignment and ideal case. Another contact pattern analysis probe the positions and size of contact pattern ofspherical gears.

齿面过切分析主要探讨球形齿轮之齿面过切位置及过切发生的球形角，接触分析则讨论球形齿轮分别在具有装配误差及理想状况时之运动误差及接触点位置，另外，齿印分析探讨球形齿轮在受力变形后其接触椭圆之位置及大小。

Based on the Lorentz-Mie theory, the single scattering characteristics of multi-dispersed spherical and multi-layered spherical particles are studied. The extinction coefficients, scattering coefficients, single albedos, single scattering phase functions and asymmetry factors of different clouds are presented. Numerical results for single scattering of spherical and non-spherical particles are obtained in the approximation of geometrical optics. The single scattering phase matrixes of non-spherical aerosols are calculated by using the T matrix method.

基于洛伦茨-米理论研究了服从一定尺寸分布的球形和多层球形粒子的单次散射特性，计算了各种不同类型云层的消光系数、散射系数、单次散射反照率、单次散射相函数以及不对称因子；利用几何光学方法计算了球形、非球形粒子的单次散射特性；利用T矩阵方法计算了非球形气溶胶的单次散射相矩阵。

Considering non-spherical particles, starting from particle size distribution, the concept of the number of equivalent spherical particles was put forward, and the theory formula to calculate mass concentration of non spherical panicles was derived. The validity of the formula for non-spherical particles was verified. On this basis, aerosol mass concen-trations algorithm baaed on the number of equivalent spherical particles was proposed.

考虑非球形颗粒，从颗粒群粒度分布概念出发，提出了统计意义上的等效球形颗粒数概念，给出了非球形颗粒物质量浓度的理论公式，并利用该理论公式阐明了OPC测量非球形颗粒物质量浓度计算公式的合理性，进而给出了基于等效球形颗粒数的悬浮颗粒物的质量浓度算法。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。