球壳

We discussed the establishment of similarity conditions based on equation analysis.By adjusting the excited frequency for the distorted model of spherical shell to some extent,it may compensate the deflection of predicting the behavior of prototype from the test result of distorted spherical shell.

基于方程分析法讨论了相似条件的建立过程，并针对畸变后的球壳，调节模型的激励频率，在某种程度上补偿畸变球壳对原型预测得到的偏差。

First, from room temperature to 500oC, the shell structure is amorphous with crinkly and airtight character. The shell structure begins to change into γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 at 900oC. The surface of shells shows nano-sized pores at 900oC from SEM and BET analyses. When heated to 1000oC and 1100oC, the shell forms stable α-Al2O3 structure with smooth surface. Cracks often occur at the triple grain junctions. The specific surface area and the total pore volume of the hollow spheres increase with the calcination temperature.

首先，将锻烧温度由室温提升至500℃时，球壳属非晶相皱褶状致密结构；在900℃时开始有γ-Al2O3相及些许的α-Al2O3相出现，由SEM及BET结果得知，900℃之球壳表面有许多奈米级孔洞出现；当加热至1000℃和1100℃时，球壳形成稳定相之Al2O3结构，壳层表面趋於平滑，且球壳在晶界处有微裂缝存在；由BET 结果得知，比表面积及总孔洞体积会随锻烧温度之增加，有增加之趋势。

The problem of nonlinear dynamic buckling of symmetrically laminated, cylindrically orthotropic truncated shells including transverse shear has been studied.

研究了复合材料层合开顶扁球壳的非线性动态屈曲问题。建立了对称层合圆柱正交异性开顶扁球壳考虑横向剪切的非线性振动微分方程，根据突变理论建立了该壳体动态屈曲的突变模型，得到了动态屈曲的临界方

There were many studies on the static properties of common types of reticulated shells, such as sphere, cylinder, elliptic paraboloid, hyperbolic paraboloid and so on, while little systematical research on ellipsoid reticulated shells has been reported by now.

摘要对于比较常见的网壳结构形式，如球壳、圆柱面网壳、椭圆抛物面网壳、双曲抛物面网壳等，其静力性能的研究已比较成熟，有关其非线性全过程分析的策略、思想及实施方法，很多学者均进行了深入的分析和探讨，但对椭球面网壳这一结构形式来说，目前还没有系统的研究。

Numerical results obtained by inverse Laplace transformation were used to discuss the difference of the dynamic responses of shell under different response modes by respectively applying axial symmetry load and fluid load.

最后利用Laplace数值逆变换得到时间域中的数值结果，讨论了在球壳内作用有轴对称荷载和流体压力两种情况时不同响应模式条件下球壳动力响应。

The numerical calculation results indicate that, when the transitional process has finished, the temperature rising speed of inwall and outerwall is almost a constant, and the temperature difference of inwall and outerwall keeps invariably during laser irradiation.

利用有限元法对金属球壳在恒定功率密度激光辐照下的热效应进行了数值计算，分析了在激光辐照过程中，金属球壳内外壁的温升、温差的变化规律，并主要以铜、铝材料为例，比较了铜、铝球壳在激光辐照下的温度变化和外壁温度响应情况。

For the accuracy and complexity of different complexity analysis method are different, firstly, the ultimate strength of pressure hull is mathematically analyzed and calculated by ANSYS, and then the empirical formulation is modified according to the modified factors, which are gotten by the accurate model of ANSYS. So that the calculation accuracy will be improved and the calculation time will be reduced after the analysis model of pressure hull structure is integrated.

不同分析方法的准确度和复杂度不同，本文采用ANSYS这种高精度分析方法对于载人球壳的极限强度进行计算，并根据所得到的计算结果来对采用经验公式方法得到的结果进行修正，使得多学科设计优化模型中集成修正后的载人球壳结构分析模型以提高计算结果的精确度和降低运算时间。

Author has described the existing problems in process of design,fabrication and installation for 5 000 m3 PVC spherical tank;discussed the problems and its solution for analysis design;design change for spherical shell sector plate dimension ;weld gap exceeding the standard requirement etc.

叙述了5 000 m3氯乙烯球罐在设计、制造和安装过程中出现的问题；论述了关于球罐分析设计、球壳板尺寸设计变更、焊缝间隙超标等问题的原因和解决办法；针对球壳板制造和组装过程中出现的纵、环缝间隙问题，提出了调整安装形式的改进措施。

Under the guidance of FE simulation, the spherical shell with equivalent thickness 1 07mm is produced.

当理论计算不考虑球壳的几何缺陷和物理缺陷时，球壳能承受的理论外

Second, based on the spherical vector wave function in uniaxial anisotropic medium, and the first, second, third and fourth spherical Bessel functions satisfy the same differential equation and recursive formula. The scattering fields in terms of spherical vector wave function from a uniaxial anisotropic spherical shell and an anisotropic uniaxial-coated conducting sphere by a plane wave are derived. The electromagnetic fields in uniaxial anisotropic medium and free space can be expressed in terms of spherical vector wave functions in uniaxial anisotropic media and isotropic medium.

二、在建立均匀各向异性单轴介质球矢量波函数理论的基础上，利用二阶线性偏微分方程的性质和第一、第二、第三和第四类球Bessel函数满足相同的微分方程和递推关系，我们分别研究了单轴介质球壳和单轴介质涂覆导体球对平面波的电磁散射特性，首先给出了各个区域的电磁场用球矢量波函数来表示的解析表达式，进而利用电磁场在边界上满足电磁场切向连续的边界条件和球谐函数的正交性，得出了各向异性单轴介质球结构中电磁场用球矢量波函数表示的系数所满足的矩阵方程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。