球囊

To clarify this issue, we carried out a study to determine whether or not otoliths in the lagena of homing pigeons are richer in magnetic elements than those in the saccule and the utricle.

为澄清这个争议，本研究分析成年信鸽瓶状囊耳石磁性元素的含量是否比内耳球囊和椭圆囊耳石更丰富。

Mammals have two otolithic organs, the utricle and the saccule. The macula lagena is another otolithic organ in the inner ear of non-mammals, and the lagena of more advaced birds develops better than that of lower animals.

哺乳动物只含有球囊和椭圆囊两种耳石器官，而非哺乳动物中还存在另外一种耳石器官——瓶状囊。

British researchers report that music can activate the sacculus, a tiny structure deep within the middle ear that's connected to a pleasure center in the brain.

英国研究人员报告说，音乐可以让球囊兴奋，球囊是中耳深处的微小组织，与脑部的管理愉悦的中心相连。

In the following up for 24 month of 34 cases, patency rate of sacculus proprius expanded was 79.7% and endoluminal stent was 85.7% respectively.

结果： 动脉血管再管化即时成功46例。34例随访24个月，血管腔内球囊扩张及球囊扩张加支架移植再管化24个月通畅率分别为78.57%及85%。

Methods Driving PZT by adding white noise of various level to periodic signals(f=100 Hz), the directly mechanical stimuli was give to the five sacculus submerged in a solution containing perilymph-like, and the afferent activity the 8th nerve was recorded.

在周期性信号（频率为100Hz上加不同强度的白噪声电信号，驱动压电陶瓷，对5只浸入在外淋巴液中的牛蛙球囊直接使用该机械刺激，并记录第八对颅神经的球囊末梢的传入活动。

Objective To study the relationship of endangium proliferation and the expression of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases after angioplasty of iliac artery in rabbits to investigate the probable mechanism of composite Danshen pill in prevention and treatment of restenosisMethods 30 white male rabbits of Japan （the average body weight was 25～30 kg）were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,model group (intima destroyed by balloon and given hypercholesterol diet),CDP group (intima destroyed by balloon and given hypercholesterol diet plus drug CDP 150 mg/d),10 ones each groupResults The results of iliac artery angiogram and the analysis of pathology:there were lumens stenosis,thinner intima,smaller intima area,in CDP group compared with those in model group,and ratio of intima and tunica media thickness and area among each group (P＜001)Immunohistochemistry analysis:the MMP2,MMP9,TIMP1,TIMP2 in model group significantly increased than those in control group (P＜001)The CDP group had lower MMP2 and MMP9 expression,higher TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression,and increased MMP2/TIMP1,MMP9/TIMP2 than model group (P＜001)The thickening of vascular neointima and stenosis degree of vascular lumen were relevant to MMP2 and MMP9 (r=0896,P＜001)Conclusions MMP and TIMP play the very important role in the restenosis process of arteryCDP could inhibit the thickness of vascular neointima after balloon injury,the probable mechanism of which may be inhibiting collagen formation,smooth muscle immigration and decreasing hyperplasia of intima by interfering expression of MMPs and TIMPs

目的 研究兔髂动脉成形术后血管内膜增生和基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制物表达之间的关系，探讨复方丹参滴丸预防再狭窄的可能机制。方法健康成年二级雄性日本大耳白兔30只，平均体重25～30 kg。随机分为3组：正常对照组10只，模型组10只（球囊内膜剥脱加高胆固醇饮食），治疗组10只（球囊内膜剥脱加高胆固醇饮食以及复方丹参滴丸150 mg/d）。结果兔髂动脉造影、血管病理图像分析检测结果：①复方丹参滴丸组较模型组血管造影示管腔直径狭窄、内膜厚度减少、内膜面积减少、内膜厚度和中膜厚度比、面积比，各组之间有显著性差异(P＜001)。②免疫组化分析：模型组MMP2、MMP9、TIMP1、TIMP2表达均高于对照组（P＜001）；复方丹参滴丸组MMP2、MMP9的表达低于模型组，而TIMP1、TIMP2的表达高于模型组；TIMP1/MMP2、TIMP2/MMP9明显增加，差异有显著性（P＜001）。③内膜的增生以及管腔的狭窄程度与MMP2、MMP9有很好的相关性(r=0896，P＜001)。结论 MMP和TIMP在再狭窄形成中起重要作用；复方丹参滴丸能够明显抑制血管损伤后的内膜增生，可能的机制是通过影响金属蛋白酶MMP2、MMP9及其抑制物TIMP1、TIMP2的表达从而抑制胶原的生成、平滑肌的迁移、增生，而减少内膜的增生。

The expression of AT2R gene can be regulated efficiently in vivo by local delivery of MSC with dual-stable expression of AT2R gene, thus reduces the formation of intimal hyperplasia.④AT2R gene can influence the expression of ECM and significantly promote the cellular apoptosis in the injury rat carotid artery.⑤These data demonstrate the clinical potential of AT2R regulatable expression to prevent restenosis after PCI.

研究结论：(1)与VSMC直接接触可以诱导MSC向血管成分细胞分化；(2)构建的Dox-on可调控的MSC细胞株诱导活性可靠，使外源AT2R基因的表达处于有效的主动控制下；(3)局部导入MSC不影响球囊损伤后大鼠颈动脉新生内膜增生；(4)由MSC介导的AT2R可调控表达受到Dox的良好调控，可有效抑制球囊损伤后大鼠颈动脉新生内膜增生；(5)AT2R影响血管损伤后修复时ECM成分的表达，并促进细胞凋亡的发生，可能是AT2R介导抑制新生内膜形成的机制。

During inflation of the tamps with an aerage pressure of about 0.9 MPa (130 psi), the cancellous bone was displaced by the tamp and compressed.

用平均0.9MPa(130 psi)的平均压强对球囊进行膨胀，期间松质骨被球囊转移、压缩。

Results The average age of the patients was raised, the advanced age and high risk patients increased, the therapy time from chest pain onset to emergency visit, from emergency visit to catheter lab and from catheter lab to the first balloon angioplasty shortened, and the use of drug-eluting stent, distal protective device,aspiration thrombectomy catheter, injection of glyceryl trinitrate and diltiazem to the coronary artery became more frequent during recent 6 years.

结果平均年龄增大、高龄及高危患者增多，治疗时间窗中各时间段（发病→急诊科→导管室→首次球囊扩张）均有缩短，其中导管室→首次球囊扩张时间缩短显著；药物支架、远端保护装置、血栓抽吸器、预防性冠状动脉联合注射防止无复流药物在近两年增长迅速，无血流发生率、主要心血管事件发生率及平均住院日显著下降，同时溶栓后介入治疗较直接介入治疗各种严重出血并发症无明显增加。

Two methods of the nettroform stent assisted and balloon-assisted coiling may be effective to treat intracranial wide-necked aneurysms.

结论Neuroform支架或球囊辅助瘤颈重塑与电解可脱弹簧圈结合是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法；两种方法各有优缺点，应根据宽颈动脉瘤的具体情况选择neuroform支架或球囊辅助进行栓塞。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。