珊瑚的

The discovery of annual density bands of mass coral skeleton had a profound effect on coral paleoclimatology, and many patterns of density bands have been revealed throughout the global tropic ocean since then. At the first stage, people tended to explore the control factors of density changes from the environment where the coral grows, but they did not succeed. Since later part of 1980s, some researchers have focused on the skeletal architecture and integrated the signals of both environment condition and skeleton density bands to reveal the mechanism of skeleton density changes, and finally a model of skeleton growth was developed which can explain the almost existed patterns of skeleton density changes.

块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带年周期的发现对后来的珊瑚古气候研究产生了深远的影响，随后又发现世界各热带海域的珊瑚存在多种多样的骨骼密度变化模式，起先常从珊瑚的生长环境中寻找骨骼密度变化的控制因素，但是没有成功，从80年代后期，部分学者试图从珊瑚骨骼构架本身出发、综合考虑环境因素和骨骼密度条带之间的关系来探求骨骼密度变化的机理，并提出了一个可以解释大多数块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带变化模式的骨骼生长模型。

The high abundance and large colony size of Porites at shallow waters might be ultimate factors for the snail's preference, while larval phototaxis and larval preference on Porites may be proximate mechanisms.

推测微孔珊瑚在浅水区丰度高和群体大可能是造成紫口珊瑚螺对深度有不同偏好的远因，而幼生向光性和对微孔珊瑚的偏好可能是造成此现象之机制。

A comparison of the bleaching process of zooxanthellae from two different strony corals, Galaxea fascicularis andAcropora austeraField observation showed that in elevated sea water temperature Acropora austera bleached very fast whit while Galaxea fascicularis did not.

从野外采回不同珊瑚的共生藻，在光照下培养后发现自简单轴孔珊瑚分离出的共生藻较丛生棘杯孔珊瑚中分离出之共生藻容易丧失色素。

This suggests that the effects of temperature on growth of the two coral species were different. Growth rates of S. hystrix at 25℃ were stable and higher than those of S. pistillata. However, the effects of temperature on growth rate of S. hystrix may be modified by other factors (e.g., mesocosm effect) in higher or lower temperatures. The mortality of S. pistillata in three temperature treatments was very low, while the partial mortality of S.

这些结果显示，两种珊瑚在不同温度下的生长反应有所差异，在适温环境下，尖枝列孔珊瑚的生长稳定且高於萼柱珊瑚，但萼柱珊瑚却会受到其他因素影响；在较高和较低温时，萼柱珊瑚生长没有受到生态箱效应影响，而温度对於尖枝列孔珊瑚生长率的影响可能受到生态箱效应而改变。

Pistillata. However, the mean growth rates of S. pistillata in two mesocosms at 25℃ were significantly different. The mean growth rates of S. hystrix in two mesocosms at 28℃ were significantly different and did not show a consistant relationship compared to those of S. pistillata. The mean growth rates of S. hystrix in two mesocosms at 20℃ were significantly different, but those of S. pistillata were the same.

在25℃的2个生态箱之间，尖枝列孔珊瑚的平均生长率相似，并且大部份都显著高於萼柱珊瑚，而萼柱珊瑚的平均生长率则显著不同；然而，在28℃的2个生态箱之间，尖枝列孔珊瑚的平均生长率变异较大，与萼柱珊瑚的平均生长率比较并无一致的趋势；在20℃的2个生态箱之间，萼柱珊瑚的平均生长率相似，尖枝列孔珊瑚却有显著不同。

Hystrix at 25℃(S. pistillata: 0.0126±0.0045 g/g*day; S. hystrix: 0.0253±0.0081 g/g*day) were significantly higher than those at 28℃(S. pistillata: 0.0066±0.0027 g/g*day; S. hystrix: 0.0083±0.0046 g/g*day) and 20℃(S. pistillata: 0.0058±0.0014 g/g*day; S. hystrix: 0.0047±0.0022 g/g*day).The mean growth rates of S. hystrix in two mesocosms at 25℃ were similar and significantly higher than those of S.

结果发现，萼柱珊瑚和尖枝列孔珊瑚群体的平均生长率在25℃(萼柱珊瑚：0.0126±0.0045 g/g*day；尖枝列孔珊瑚：0.0253±0.0081 g/g*day)皆显著地高於28℃(萼柱珊瑚：0.0066±0.0027 g/g*day；尖枝列孔珊瑚：0.0083±0.0046 g/g*day)和20℃(萼柱珊瑚：0.0058±0.0014 g/g*day；尖枝列孔珊瑚：0.0047±0.0022 g/g*day)，显示25℃较适合这两种珊瑚的生长。

In this study the composites were applied to repair the rabbits'mandibular defects and implanted at the surface as onlay grafts that was fixed with dental implants. The ability of the composites repairing maxillofacial defects was evaluated with general observation, radiological and histological examination and compared with autogenous bone and coral.

本研究通过观察rhBMP-2、胶原、珊瑚复合骨修复兔下颌骨缺损，加高狗下颌骨骨面及与牙种植体结合，并与新鲜自体骨和珊瑚的修复作用比较，（1）应用复合骨修复兔下颌骨缺损，1、2、3个月取材，（2）将复合骨植于狗下颌骨体部颊侧骨膜下，采用钛种植体固定，1.5、3个月取材，通过体视及测量，X线片，组织学等观测指标，分析rhBMP-2、胶原、珊瑚复合骨修复骨缺损特点和体内降解特点。

The oldest coral on the reefis probably a species of Porites, known as bouldercoral, which is about 1000 years old and grows onlyone centimetre each year.

这片礁地上最古老的珊瑚大概是一种被称为&石珊瑚&的&滨珊瑚&，大约有1000的历史了，每年只生长1厘米。

The larval preference on Porites and the adult recognition of coral tissues are mechanism of host specificity.

幼生会选择微孔珊瑚以及成螺有辨识微孔珊瑚的能力是造成紫口珊瑚螺分布专一性的机制，此外成螺辨识微孔珊瑚的能力是受到珊瑚组织的影响。

I have tried to build regions from top to bottom using more SPS at the top and working down to LPS and softies through the bottom. As I looked through the progression of the tank during the process of writing this, I realize I have had mixed results in this goal and have found myself buying and selling colonies throughout its life as things grew that aesthetically no longer worked, fit, or looked good. I think that with the current setup of corals and frags I have a better balanced tank with a diverse selection that will grow in nicely.

我在山顶放SPS，然后下面放 LPS，最下面放软珊瑚，我在写这个记录时，我看着它们的成长，我发现，最终的结果已经达到我开缸时的目标，同时，在我不断买进和卖出珊瑚的同时，审美观已经变得比较次要，只要它们在生长，我就觉得是最美的，现在的设定和珊瑚，还有断支，和多样性选择上，刚好达到平衡

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。