玻璃化的

Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049;4.Institute of Archaeology; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Beijing 100710; China;The fabrication technologies in terms of phase composition,structure,firing temperature,porosity,density and water permeability of ceramic water pipes and contrastive ceramic tilesexcavated from Anyang Yin Ruins of Shang dynasty were studied by X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction and dilatometer,respectively.It was found that the contents of CaO,K2O,MgO and P2O5 in CWP were relatively higher than those in contrastive CT.The difference was further confirmed by the mass ratio of flux...

采用X射线荧光、X射线衍射、热膨胀等分析手段对比研究了安阳商代陶水管的制作工艺，发现陶水管化学成分中各类熔剂的质量分数均略高于对比陶片中熔剂的质量分数，CaO、K2O、MgO等助熔剂与A l2O3的质量比进一步证实该现象，而这种差异性则外在地表现为陶水管的气孔度低于对比陶片以及陶水管热膨胀曲线中出现玻璃化现象，该结果表明陶水管原料应为一种易熔粘土，或者在沉淀粘土中人为地掺和了草木灰类掺和料，这有利于陶水管烧制与成型，有助于熔剂在熔融状态下，较好地进入陶水管中的空隙，使陶水管变得更加致密，一定程度上有利于防止陶水管的渗水，显示出陶水管制作工艺的特殊性。

Transmission Electron Microscope and other properties testing results show that the complex emulsifier system is the crucial influence factor of the polymerization process and the properties of products. It may influence the coagulum content and reaction rate of the polymerization process, the performance, particle diameter,viscosity, electrolyte stability and storage stability of the emulsion products and the contact angle of the film.The initiator mainly influences the coagulum content and reaction rate.The acrylic monomers mainly influence the solid content, Minimum Film Formation Temperature of the emulsion and the Glass Transition Temperature of the film.The organic silicone monomer mainly influences the water absorption of the film.The reaction temperature mainly influences the reaction rate and conversion.The stirring intensity mainly influences the coagulum content of the polymerization process.

透射电镜等性能测试结果显示：复合乳化剂体系是硅丙共聚乳液的聚合过程及产品性能的主要影响因素，它可以对聚合过程的凝胶率、反应速率以及乳液的外观、粒径、粘度、耐电解质稳定性及贮存稳定性，还有乳液涂膜的接触角等造成不同程度的影响；引发剂主要影响反应速率和凝胶率；丙烯酸酯单体主要影响到乳液的固含量、最低成膜温度以及涂膜的玻璃化转变温度，有机硅单体主要影响涂膜的吸水率等；聚合反应温度主要影响乳液的反应速率和转化率等；搅拌强度主要是影响到聚合过程的凝胶率。

During the past two decades, EO polymers based on high performance polymers with high glass transition temperatures have been one of the most active research fields due to their high thermal stability of the dipole moment after poling and long lifetime that are the two key problems in their applications.

在二十多年的发展历程中，以具有高的玻璃化转变温度的所谓"高性能聚合物"为母体的电光高分子材料由于具有较高的取向稳定性和较长的使用寿命，一直是研究的热点和重点之一。

The four sets of stator bars including those retired from three large generators and the standby bar subjected to Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopic and optical microscope observation. It was revealed from DMA that the peak value tan d m of mechanical loss thermogram tan d ~ T shift toward a higher temperature and a lower amplitude, indicating that the amount of movement monomers diminished greatly in the insulation aging process, the tan d 195, increased very slightly with the service time of insulation, showing the degrading of bonding properties at interface, and the presence of more defects in insulation. The observation of SEM and optical microscope showed that more and more voids appears in insulation, and delamination was formed due to development of voids in aging process.

对不同运行年数的线棒进行了 DMA 、 SEM 、光学显微镜等微观分析试验，动态力学分析发现(参见 Hao et al， CEIDP， 2002：404)，力学损耗温度谱 tan d ~ T 的峰值 tan d m 随老化时间向高温、低值方向移动，表明促成环氧发生玻璃化转变的活性侧基或发生局部运动的活性链段减少，分子链的刚性增强；195℃的力学损耗 tan d 195随老化时间有缓慢增大的趋势，表明有更多的能量耗散在界面处，界面的粘合性变差，甚至由于界面粘结不良出现微观缺陷； SEM 和光学显微分析发现(参见 Hao et al-2， IEEE DEI， 2003)，老化后的绝缘气隙增多，随着老化时间气隙不断扩展或相互连通，绝缘逐渐分层。

The synthesized PCU was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and tensile strength measurement. The IR showed that the polymer synthesized by the above two methods both have the polycarbonate-urethane structure and the tensile measurement showed good mechanical performance of the polymer. The DSC and TGA data showed that there is an obvious soft-hard glass transition area, which indicated the existence of the micro-phase separation structure. The extent of the phase separation was affected by the ratio of starting materials, the molecular weight of PCD, and the polymerization method. The decomposition upon heating was observed in two steps. SAXS result showed that the radius (r_2), the distance between domains (d_2), and gyral radius (R_2) of hard segment micro-domain were fairly affected by the starting materials ratio and soft segment content.

IR结果表明两种方法合成的聚合产物均具有聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的结构；拉伸实验表明聚合产物具有良好的力学性能；DSC、TG结果表明，聚合物呈现出较为明显的软硬段玻璃化转变区，表明存在微相分离的结构，相分离的程度受原料配比、软段分子量、聚合方法的影响，其热分解分为明显的两个阶段； SAXS结果表明，聚合物原料配比、软段含量的变化对硬段微区回旋半径R_2，微区间距d_2，微区半径r_2影响不大其值分别为9.5(A|°、29、7.4，但对软段的微区半径及间距影响较大，随着软段含量的增大，软段微区的半径r1和间距d1都增大。

The aim of this study was to develop a novel amphiphilic functional block poly(ε-caprolactone) bearing ketone groups MPEG-b-P(OPD-co-CL. 2-oxepane-1, 5-dione was copolymerized with ε-caprolatone in which methoxy poly (MPEG, Mn=5 000) and stannous octoate were used as initiator and catalyst, respectively. The syntheses were conducted by bulk and solution polymerization. 1H NMR results showed that peak position and splitting of the polymers synthesized through solution polymerization were consistent with theoretical data, demonstrating the products were designed block copolymers. While in the bulk polymerization, polymer peak position was changed due to their high reaction temperature, suggesting their structural variation.

将带有羰基官能团的4-羰基己内酯和ε-己内酯分别在甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG，Mn=5 000)为引发剂，异辛酸亚锡为催化剂溶液和本体体系中开环聚合，合成了两亲性侧基带有羰基官能团的聚己内酯嵌段共聚物MPEG-b-P(OPD-co-CL.1H NMR结果表明采用溶液聚合法合成的聚合物各峰的峰位置和分裂情况与理论一致，证明了产物是实验所设计的嵌段共聚物，而采用本体聚合法合成的聚合物由于温度的影响，聚合物各峰的峰位置发生了变化，说明其结构发生了变化；差示扫描量热法分析结果表明随着OPD单体含量的增加，聚合物的熔点，玻璃化转变温度和熔融焓增加；热失重测试结果表明OPD单体的引入增加了聚合物的热敏感性。

The results showed that intermidiate 1, 2-propanediol-sebacate of low relative molecular mass was synthesized with toluene-p-sulfoinc acid as catalyst, benzene as watercarrying agent, and of mole ratio of sebacic acid to 1, 2-propanediol of 1:4. The glass-transition temperatures of PPSC were below 0 ℃ which confirmed that PPSC would be in a high-elastic state of ambient temperature and human body temperature. PPSC was a elastomer with moderate crosslinkage, low module and high elongation, and had rapid degradation ratio (degradation degree more than 50%) in phosphate (pH value 7.4) at 37℃.

结果表明，以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、苯为带水剂，在酸醇比为1，4的条件下可合成较低相对分子质量的中间体癸二酸聚酯二元醇；PPSC弹性体的玻璃化转变温度在0℃以下，于室温及人体温度下处于高弹态；PPSC为适度交联的、低模量高伸长的弹性体，其在37℃、pH值为7.4的磷酸盆缓冲溶液中具有较快的降解性（降解度超过50%）。

Multilayer latex particles with carboxylic polymer as core, polymer with low glass transition temperature and film-formable under room temperature as shell, and lightly crosslinked polymer as intermediate layer were prepared with unsaturated carboxylic monomers by multistage seed emulsion polymerization. Finally, the room-temperature-film-formable polymer particles with hollow structure were obtained via the alkali treatment to the multilayer latex particles.

采用羧基单体进行多阶段的种于乳液聚合，制备了内核为带羧基的聚合物、最外层为易成膜的低玻璃化温度聚合物、中间为轻度交联中间隔离层的多层核壳结构乳胶粒，最后通过碱处理制成了具有室温成膜性的中空结构聚合物微粒。

Curing kinetics of epoxy resin and the effects of different compositions on curing reaction were researched by using the differential scanning calorimeters. Relationship between curing temperature and curing converting rate had been studied. Curing conditions for the system were determined. Modified nano-Al2O3/epoxy resin and core shell/epoxy resin composites were prepared by means of blending method. The influence of the composition on the properties was discussed. The thermal and dielectric properties of these composites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, Thermogravimetry and dielectric analyzer.

首先，论文通过差示量热扫描仪分析研究了环氧树脂与酸酐固化体系的固化反应动力学及固化工艺；然后，通过共混法和超声分散法制备了一系列纳米氧化铝/环氧树脂及核壳粒子/环氧树脂两相复合材料；进而通过DSC及热重分析仪测试了复合材料的玻璃化温度、热降解温度等热学性能，并采用介电分析仪测试分析了复合材料的介电常数、介电损耗等介电性能，讨论了组成对复合材料的热学性能及介电性能的影响。

We describe the use of the CDB within CORAL and the fullscale performance tests on the COMPASS Computing Farm,The CDB has been interfaced to the SCADA PVSS slow control system.

选用对凝聚态的结构和性质描述更为准确的COMPASS分子力场模型。体系进行能量优化后得到的密度和玻璃化温度的计算值和实验值的对比表明模拟体系接近于真实体系。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新