玻璃化作用

The method will involve a sequence of ammonification of glass surface, functionalization of carbon nanotube surface, and bonding between the nanotubes.

将奈米碳管与其它材料以一定的比例复合而制备，进而形成一种具有奈米碳管之复合吸附材料所组成之固相萃取柱介质，其合成步骤包括：奈米碳管表面改质官能化，玻璃粒体之载体氨化及最后将两者经缩合剂作用而产生化学键结使奈米碳管批覆在玻璃粒体之载体上。

The glass-forming technology and the condition of devitrification are alsostudied.

研究了形成玻璃和微晶化的工艺制度，并讨论了B_2O_3对玻璃分相和微晶化的作用。

The anti-darkening abilities increase as following order: flint glass By using multiphoton absorption ionization and spectrum broadening theories and according to the experimental results, the mechanisms of 800nm femtosecond laser induced darkening in the glasses were demonstrated.

同时，测试了各种玻璃在1064nm的纳秒和皮秒激光照射下的光致暗化现象，结果表明，玻璃在这两种激光的作用下不产生光致暗化。

The results showed that there was a negative relationship between H2O2 content and CAT activity, thus H2O2 content was low when CAT activity was high. There was a close relationship between H2O2 content and differentiation process. H2O2 could be an important signal transduction factor during bud differentiation. IAA oxidase activity was decreased firstly, and then increased, which affected IAA oxidase and degradation pathway and regulate ratio of cytokinin and auxin. With differentiation process continuing, PPO activity was increased, which could cause browning or vitrifaction of seedling, or even malformation.

研究结果表明，鹅掌楸组培再生过程中，过氧化氢酶活性与H2O2含量变化呈负相关，CAT活性较高时，H2O2含量则较低。H2O2含量与鹅掌楸组培苗分化进程密切相关，H2O2可能作为信号因子在芽分化过程中发挥重要作用；IAA氧化酶活性呈现先下降后增加的变化规律，从而影响IAA氧化降解途径，调控细胞分裂素与生长素含量的比值，影响鹅掌楸芽的再生；PPO活性随培养时间的增加而升高，引起组培苗的褐变或玻璃化，甚至生长畸形。

With the percent of calcium chloride rises, the way of brittle rupture changes into flexile rupture.

DMTA测试结果为CaCl2和SEBS在共混体系中对尼龙6的玻璃化转变都产生作用。

The feasibility of the equipment to measure Tg of amorphous powder is verified with a lot of experimentl results.The Tgs of some typical starches such as corn, pachyrhizus, buckwheat and pea in different water content are obtained by TDA. It is found that the water has plastic effect on starch and the Tg of starch decreases with the increase of water content. Through this study a quantitative expression is established to relate Tg and water content, and it is testified with experimental results for the sticky rice starch with different water content.

采用热膨胀法测定不同含水量下玉米、地瓜、荞麦、豌豆淀粉的玻璃化转变温度，得到了随着含水量的增加Tg降低的关系，探讨了水的增塑作用及影响机理，得到含水量与Tg的定量表达式，并用糯米淀粉的实验值对该关联式的有效性进行了验证，为预测不同含水量的淀粉的玻璃化转变温度及对淀粉的储藏加工提供了理论依据。

At the same time, the fouling mechanism of membranes given in this thesis can give a reasonable explanation on the change of membrane performance. Our results show that the magnetization of membranes can effectively improve the anti-fouling ability of the PAN- Fe_3O_4 membrane. The obtained result may give insight to the development of new membranes with a good anti-fouling performance in the filtration of blood solution. No chemical bond was found between PAN and Fe_3O_4 in the membrane at room temperature. The addition of Fe_3O_4 can improve the temperatures of dehydrogenated reaction and decomposition of PAN but dot change the glassy transition temperature. The resistance against acid is stronger than the resistance to base for a PAN- Fe_3O_4 membrane.

结果表明在PAN- Fe_3O_4超滤膜制备过程中使用外加磁场作用能有效提高膜的耐污染能力，这一结果为开发适用于血液处理的耐污染超滤膜提供了一种新途径；在PAN- Fe_3O_4超滤膜中，四氧化三铁与PAN在室温下没有形成化学键，也不存在官能团之间的相互作用；添加Fe_3O_4对膜的玻璃化温度没有影响，但能提高PAN环化脱氢反应的温度和分解温度；PAN- Fe_3O_4超滤膜的耐酸性强于耐碱性，在pH值为10以上的溶液中由于水解作用而溶解，使得膜失去使用价值，膜的耐酸性与酸的种类、浓度和氧化性有关。

Two series of polyurethane acrylate grafted acrylic resins (Acr-g-TPU-PETA and Acr-gPPU-PETA) self-emulsifying systems are obtained by grafting -NCO group modified polyurethane acrylates with acrylic copolymer prepared from n-butyl acrylate, styrene,βhydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid The self-emulsifying systems showed Newtonian fluidity with viscosity closed to that of water, the solid contents were around 30% The T〓 of 15～4℃ for dried film before photocuring favored film formation at room temperature DSC and DMA results showed that PU-PETA is compatible with acrylic resin in the grafted resin The TG and dTG curves for Acr-g-PU-PETA samples were substantially different from the corresponding blends, and the brodened dTG peaks for photocured grafted resin suggest that there might be multiple interactions among chain segments The photocued film of the grafted resins self-emulsifying system exhibited good overall properties with polyurethane acrylate grafts ranging from 30% to 50%, and Acr-g-TPU-PETA series showed better properties than Acr-gPPU-PETA series The adhesion of the photocured film was 1～2 grade, impact strength was 50kg-cm and flexibility was 1mm The Shore hardness and the adhesion of the film decreased markedly if PETA was replaced by HEMA as photoactive group due to the lower C=C double bond content in the grafted resin The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthones photoinitiators can be evenly dispersed in self-emulsifying system without color spot appearing in the dried film The films photocured with IV〓～IV〓 generally exhibited higher Shore hardness, gloss and solventresistance than that cured with Irgacure 2959 and did not induce the rusting of the iron substrate Pigmenting with titanium oxide had no effect on the photocuring The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthone IV〓 and IV〓 can be new candidates for the formulation of titanium oxide pigmented photocurable water-borne coatings for their pale-yellow appearance and slight interference with the color of the coatings WB 4759 with high water-solubility coalesced and separated from the dried resin film, and even induced the rusting of iron substrate.

以丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸及苯乙烯合成厂丙烯酸共聚树脂，并与含-NCO端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯接枝反应，经水性化后，得到两个系列（Acr-g-TPU-PETA和Acr-g-PPU-PETA）各5个不同配比的丙烯酸树脂接枝聚氨酯丙烯酸酯自乳化体系，粘度与水相近，为牛顿流体，固含量30％左右。光固化前干燥涂膜的玻璃化转变温度在-15℃～4℃之间，有利于室温下成膜。DSC及DMA谱表明两种树脂基本相容。Acr-g-PU-PETA的热失重行为明显不同于共混材料，接枝样dTG峰明显宽化，表明接枝样中链段之间的相互作刚有多重性，丙烯酸树脂与聚氨酯之间有一定的相容性。接枝树脂自乳化体系光固化涂层的综合性能以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯成分为50％～30％者相对较好，且以Acr-g-TPU-PETA系列更理想。光固化膜的附着力为1～2级，冲击强度为50kg·cm，柔软性多为1mm。以HEMA代替PETA作为接枝树脂的活性基团，碳—碳双键密度太低，光固化膜交联点太少，硬度和附着力均较差。多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂能均匀分散于树脂自乳化体系和接枝树脂干膜中，不出现色斑，光固化膜肖氏硬度一般高于以Irgacure 2959为光引发剂的光固化膜，光泽度及耐丁酮溶剂性能均有所提高，不会诱导铁基生锈，钛白着色对光固化结果几乎没有影响。本论文所合成的多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂IV〓与IV〓为浅黄色，对光固化涂层的颜色干扰较小，为配制钛白着色光固化水性涂料提供了新的光引发剂。水溶性太强的WB 4759在干膜中易聚结析出，且对所附着的铁基有诱导锈蚀作用。

The plastic go down the hopper smoothly and is gripped by the thread of the screw. It is forced to go toward the direction of the gear end along with the rotation of the screw. A mechanical transferring process is formed. During the running of the plastic from the feed port to gear end, a high pressure is formed in the process of plastic curing due to the gradual decreasing of the thread depth and the resistance of filter gauze, splitter plate and gear end. The high pressure helps to press the raw material and improve its heat conductivity performance and the quick melting of the plastic, at the same time, the gradual increasing pressure can help the gas which is among material particles exhausted from the air holes.

在压力升高的同时，塑料一方面被外部加热，另一方面塑料本身在压缩、剪切、搅拌的运动过程中，由于内磨擦力也产生了大量的热，在外力和内力的联合作用下，塑料温度逐渐增高，其物理状态也经历了玻璃态--高弹态--粘流态的变化，一般地说来，在加料段中主要是玻璃态，在螺杆螺纹逐渐减少的中间部分压缩段中，物料主要处于高弹状态，同时也逐渐的熔融，而物料到压缩段后部和化段作用处于粘流态了，这时我们称塑料已完全塑化了，由螺杆推力作用将塑化的塑料定压定量的从机头中挤出。

Using test apparatus underwater explosion,it is studied that the desensitization phenomenon of emulsion explosives which is sensitized by glass micro-balloons and expanded perlites in different dynamic pressures,and the desensitization degree of two kinds of sensitized methods are compared at the same dynamic pressure fore-and-aft.

利用水下爆炸测试系统，对不同动压作用后玻璃微球和膨胀珍珠岩敏化的乳化炸药的减敏现象进行了研究，比较了在相同动压作用前后两种敏化方式的乳化炸药的减敏程度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。