玻璃化

The glass-forming technology and the condition of devitrification are alsostudied.

研究了形成玻璃和微晶化的工艺制度，并讨论了B_2O_3对玻璃分相和微晶化的作用。

The anti-darkening abilities increase as following order: flint glass By using multiphoton absorption ionization and spectrum broadening theories and according to the experimental results, the mechanisms of 800nm femtosecond laser induced darkening in the glasses were demonstrated.

同时，测试了各种玻璃在1064nm的纳秒和皮秒激光照射下的光致暗化现象，结果表明，玻璃在这两种激光的作用下不产生光致暗化。

Raffinose, stachyose, and Galpi were found to have good glass forming properties, and their glass transition temperatures were 67.4, 66.4, and 33.40℃, respectively.

棉子糖、水苏糖和甲基肌醇半乳吡喃糖有良好的玻璃质化特性，其玻璃质化转移温度分别为67.4、66.4和33.4℃。

The Tg for a mass ratio mixture of Galpi and sucrose of 0.3/1 was greater than 0 and was similar to that of the same ratio mixture of raffinose to sucrose, indicating that Galpi as well as oligosaccharides plays an important role in glass formation.

甲基肌醇半乳吡喃糖和蔗糖以0.3对1重量浓度混合比例，其玻璃质化转移温度在0℃以上，且近似於相同比例之寡糖类和蔗糖混合，显示甲基肌醇半乳吡喃糖和寡糖类在玻璃质化形成上扮演重要的角色。

As the thermal radiation of coating surface on Low E glass is strongly influenced by its spectrum, the nongray band model in diffusing enclosure was used to numerically simulate the surface radiative characteristics of Low E glass in combination with the glass properties of absorptivity and transmissivity.

由于建筑节能的需要，低辐射率玻璃被大量地应用于建筑物等公共场合。为保证安全使用，这些玻璃必须经过物理钢化处理，即将玻璃制品加热到其转变温度Tg 以上 50～60°C ，然后在冷却介质中急速均匀冷却，使玻璃表面生成均匀分布的压应力层。

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In order to apply the glasses in a severer environment, the IR properties must be improved.

为了使此种玻璃能应用在更严苛的环境，本研究将玻璃结晶化，成为玻璃陶瓷，希望能藉由结晶相来强化玻璃的室温及高温机械性质。

Sulfuric acid was sulphonation reagent, add the sulfuric acidquantity was 8%, reaction temperature was 60~65℃.The reaction occursbetween the feed oil and sulfuric acid,then add 30% of sodium hydroxidesolution conducted neutralization in the Pyrex standard react kettle,when the reactionfinished ,draw out the products by funnel,then the products react with 8%clay to refine received the sulphonation refining oil so as to review property andreceive rate of the shallow sulphonation refining oil .By the using the sulphonationrefining oil to blend lubricant,its quality is on-specification .

为验证其可行性，首先在实验室进行浅度磺化小试，原料油采用新疆原油经常压蒸馏、减压蒸馏、溶剂精制、溶剂脱蜡后的减压二、三线脱蜡油，发烟硫酸作为磺化剂，发烟硫酸加入量8%，反应温度60～65℃，用三口圆底耐热玻璃标准反应釜对原料进行发烟硫酸磺化，加入量30%氢氧化钠中和，分液漏斗抽提，在烧杯内加入量8%白土进行精制得到磺化抽余油，考察浅度磺化抽余油性质和收率，用磺化抽余油调合润滑油质量合格。

The results available now indicate that glass-like carbon synthesized from phenolic resin is a non-graphitizing carbon, and consists of both sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms that form imperfect graphite structure and sp 3-hybridized carbon atoms that are due to the presence of disordered carbon; and in the fullerene-related structure of glass-like carbon, there exist some pentagons and heptagons carbon rings.

玻璃炭作为一种特殊炭材料已广泛应用于许多领域，其制备、性质、应用以及基本结构的研究已经取得了很大的进展，已有的研究结果表明酚醛树脂基玻璃炭是一种典型的非石墨化炭材料，由 sp2杂化态碳原子和 sp3杂态碳原子组成，且在其类富勒烯结构中存在五元环和七元环。

The preparation method provided by the invention is: firstly, to clean glass beads; secondly, to modify the surface property of the glass beads, such as sulfhydrylation; thirdly, to clean the modified glass beads; fourthly, to add reducing agent into the glass beads including the modified glass beads to prepare a reducing mixture; fifthly, to prepare silver salt solution; sixthly, to mix the reducing mixture with the silver salt solution. And silver-wrapped glass bead core-shell composite particles are obtained through the reaction, the air pump filtering, the washing and the drying.

本发明提供的制备方法为：(1)清洗玻璃微珠；(2)对玻璃微珠的表面进行改性，例如巯基化；(3)清洗表面改性后的玻璃微珠；(4)所得包含表面改性后的玻璃微珠中加入还原剂，配制成还原混合体；(5)另配制银盐溶液；(6)将还原混合体与银盐溶液混合搅拌，反应，抽滤、洗涤、干燥，得到银包玻璃微珠核壳复合粒子。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。