玻璃化

Compared with homo-polymimdes and copolymimdes,PAIs can evidently improve mechanical properties while maintaining excellent solubility,high Tg and thermal stability of fluorenyl cardo polyimides.

与均聚PI，共聚PI相比，PAI在维持芴基Cardo型PI优异的溶解性，高的玻璃化转变温度及热稳定性的同时，明显改善(来源：A60d626BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)力学性能。

Treatment under mild condition with solvent of lower polarity was in favor of keeping the molecular structure and properties such as water-solubility, gelatination, etc. Acetyl groups were partially eliminated when purified by Pb2 method, leading to increased crystallinity and glass temperature, which resulted in losts of water-solubility and gelatinability. Owing to the slight oxidative degradation with H2O2 method, the changes of chain size and some functional groups of KGM molecule led to decrease of viscosity and excessive swelling rate.

采用温和条件及低极性溶剂有利於保持KGM本身的分子结构以及水溶性、凝胶性等性能；而Pb2法由於部分脱去了KGM的乙酰基，导致结晶度变大，玻璃化温度升高，最终失去水溶性和凝胶性；H2O2法则由於对KGM造成了氧化降解，也改变了分子链的大小以及部分基团，从而导致粘度降低以及溶涨速度较快。

Once retrieved, the waste is to be transported to a vitrification plant on site to be converted into glasslike logs for permanent disposal underground.

一旦收回，废物将被输送到玻璃化冷冻厂的网站转换成glasslike日志永久处置地下。

The synthesized PCU was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and tensile strength measurement. The IR showed that the polymer synthesized by the above two methods both have the polycarbonate-urethane structure and the tensile measurement showed good mechanical performance of the polymer. The DSC and TGA data showed that there is an obvious soft-hard glass transition area, which indicated the existence of the micro-phase separation structure. The extent of the phase separation was affected by the ratio of starting materials, the molecular weight of PCD, and the polymerization method. The decomposition upon heating was observed in two steps. SAXS result showed that the radius (r_2), the distance between domains (d_2), and gyral radius (R_2) of hard segment micro-domain were fairly affected by the starting materials ratio and soft segment content.

IR结果表明两种方法合成的聚合产物均具有聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的结构；拉伸实验表明聚合产物具有良好的力学性能；DSC、TG结果表明，聚合物呈现出较为明显的软硬段玻璃化转变区，表明存在微相分离的结构，相分离的程度受原料配比、软段分子量、聚合方法的影响，其热分解分为明显的两个阶段； SAXS结果表明，聚合物原料配比、软段含量的变化对硬段微区回旋半径R_2，微区间距d_2，微区半径r_2影响不大其值分别为9.5(A|°、29、7.4，但对软段的微区半径及间距影响较大，随着软段含量的增大，软段微区的半径r1和间距d1都增大。

Compared with the conventional emulsion polymerization system,the latices that are of monodispersed latex particles of 0.5m m in diameter,low viscosity and high storage stability are prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization.

实验结果表明，与常规乳液聚合体系相比，所获得的无皂乳液的乳胶粒大小均一，粒径在0.5m m左右，粘度低，储存稳定；共聚物呈完全无规立构，玻璃化转变温度均在25℃附近，拉伸强度明显增大，耐水性和剥离强度显著提高。

Lauryl alcohol maleic anhydride increases the stability of the blends while, at the same time, decreasing the melting temperature and glass transition temperature.

6马来酸单十二醇酯可提高共聚物稳定性，同时降低共聚物的熔点和玻璃化转变温度。

Visible, the element is kinetic imitate can forecast glycerine - the vitrification transition temperature of fluid of protection of low temperature of water n duality, this kind of method also can be popularized other multivariate microtherm protects fluid.

可见，分子动力学模拟可以猜测甘油-水二元低温保护液的玻璃化转变温度，这种方法也可推广到其他的多元低温保护液。

The aim of this study was to develop a novel amphiphilic functional block poly(ε-caprolactone) bearing ketone groups MPEG-b-P(OPD-co-CL. 2-oxepane-1, 5-dione was copolymerized with ε-caprolatone in which methoxy poly (MPEG, Mn=5 000) and stannous octoate were used as initiator and catalyst, respectively. The syntheses were conducted by bulk and solution polymerization. 1H NMR results showed that peak position and splitting of the polymers synthesized through solution polymerization were consistent with theoretical data, demonstrating the products were designed block copolymers. While in the bulk polymerization, polymer peak position was changed due to their high reaction temperature, suggesting their structural variation.

将带有羰基官能团的4-羰基己内酯和ε-己内酯分别在甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG，Mn=5 000)为引发剂，异辛酸亚锡为催化剂溶液和本体体系中开环聚合，合成了两亲性侧基带有羰基官能团的聚己内酯嵌段共聚物MPEG-b-P(OPD-co-CL.1H NMR结果表明采用溶液聚合法合成的聚合物各峰的峰位置和分裂情况与理论一致，证明了产物是实验所设计的嵌段共聚物，而采用本体聚合法合成的聚合物由于温度的影响，聚合物各峰的峰位置发生了变化，说明其结构发生了变化；差示扫描量热法分析结果表明随着OPD单体含量的增加，聚合物的熔点，玻璃化转变温度和熔融焓增加；热失重测试结果表明OPD单体的引入增加了聚合物的热敏感性。

While the molar ratio of WD-20 and tetraethyl orthosilicate was 0.2, the sol-fraction of the prepared nanocomposites was 6%,glass transition temperature was above 250 ℃ and the transmittance was more than 80% at the wavelength between 450 nm and 800 nm and the size of dispersed SiO2 phase was less than 100 nm.

当WD-20与四乙基原硅酸盐之比为0.2时，所制备的纳米复合材料的溶胶分数为6%、玻璃化转变温度为250 ℃以上、可见光透过率在80％以上、SiO2分散相尺寸小于100 nm。

The X-ray diffraction shows that the resin is crystalline. The heat analysis shows that the resin is well heat-resistant and has very good thermal stability and T=101℃. The T is better 10℃ than polyphenylene sulfide. The PASI resin will be applied abraod.

表征结果表明，聚合物为设计聚芳硫醚酰亚胺结构；X射线衍射表明聚合物为结晶性聚合物；热性能测试表明，聚合物的玻璃化温度为101.91℃，高于聚苯硫醚(87.00℃)，聚合物具有良好的热性能。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。