现货

If Fortescue's production costs exceed the spot price, it would hardly be the only Australian commodities firm in trouble.

如果FMG的生产成本超过了现货市场价格，那么陷入困境的澳大利亚的原材料商不会只有一家。

We can provide 500 goods in stock.

我们可供现货500件。

We regret that we do not have goods in stock now, but we can delivery them next mouth

对不起，我们现在没有现货，不过我们可以下个月交货

Alibaba shown in more than 95% of goods in our warehouse stock.

阿里巴巴商铺里所显示的货物95%以上都在我司仓库现货供应。

Town Online - Spot Pond has "the cleanest water I ve fished in," Greeley said Friday, fishing reel in hand.

城市在线-现货池塘"干净的水味，我在钓鱼，"格里利说，周五，捕鱼辘在手。

This paper examines the price discovery process and information transmission between Taiwan stock index futures contracts、Mini Taiwan index futures contracts and underlying spot index, using a modification of Hasbrouck's （1995）"information share" market microstructure model.

中文摘要本研究使用 Hasbrouck（1995）所提出的资讯比例市场微结构模型，探讨台股期货契约、小型台指期货契约以及台股现货三者之间的价格发现过程与资讯传递现象。

Escalation of Palestinian-Israeli conflict triggered demand for hedge, spot gold buying has increased.

巴以冲突升级引发避险需求，现货金买盘有所增加。

In general, this paper includes several parts, shown as the following: The first part summarizes the background and outline of stock index future and introduce briefly its local status and CSI 300 stock index future contract. The second part has a retrospect of the main academic papers of both local or overseas, and also a discussion of relevant hedge strategies and models, to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the empirical analysis and test for the operation process of hedge in latter parts. The third part outlines the principle, key factors and real operation process of hedge. Moreover, it makes a empirical analysis on popular hedge models with HK Hang Seng index. In the end, it test the hedge effect of trading on IF0706, CSI 300 stock index future contract, with CCB select-growth securities fund as present underlying. The fourth and also the last part, explores how to define hedge ratio in china mainland market. It includes the stability test ofβfor local securities portfolio, adjustment of historicalβand best data length for estimation of historicalβ, etc. Also, the thesis makes some beneficial experiments on the definition of best data length for estimation of historicalβ, survey of fashion forβand variation for industryβs. Fortunately, it's got some meaningful results.

按照以上研究思路，本论文论述由以下几个部分构成：第一部分，简要概述股指期货产生的背景和基本情况，对国内股指期货进程和沪深300股指期货合约进行简单介绍；第二部分，回顾海内外股指期货避险研究的主要文献，讨论相关避险策略及避险模型，为后面套期保值策略如何有效运用的实证分析和检验提供理论基础和依据；第三部分，对套期保值的原理、关键因素及实际流程进行概述，并采用香港恒生指数对常用的几种避险模型进行实证分析，最后一揽子以建信优选成长股票型基金为现货标的，实际检验以沪深300股指期货模拟交易IF0706产品进行对冲时的套期保值效果；第四部分，探讨国内确定避险比率的过程，包括国内股票组合β值的稳定性检验、历史β值的修正及估计历史β值的最佳数据长度等，通过数据分析，本文在寻找估计β值的最佳数据长度和考察风格、行业β值的差异上做了较为有益的尝试，并得到了有助于现实操作的结果。

Depending upon a hedger's cash market situation

套期保值者根据自己在现货市场的处境

This approach will enable the different investors bear the risk, and access to the corresponding rewards. The first two methods did not consider investors attitudes of risk and the expected price of the spot or futures. However, the hedger of the maximize effectiveness calculates the optimal hedge ratio through the establishment of investors utility function and calculus.

前面两类方法都没有考虑投资者的风险态度和对现货或者是期货价格走势的预期，而效用最大化套期保值通过建立投资者的效用函数，再利用微积分求最值的方法来计算最优套期保值比率。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。