现象论

Tracing the development process (i.e. the life history) of vacuum cleaner, we found similarities between product development and evolution trend, such as the theory of "evolve by use and degenerate by no-use" by Lamarck, the theories of mutation, excessive breeding, competition for existence, and survival of the fittest in the Theory of Natural Selection by Darwin and Wallace, as well as the theory of mutation in Neo-Darwinism.

文中经由观察吸尘器诞生后的发展过程，亦即它所经历的生命史中，归纳出它所显现的演变现象有些似乎和演化论有相似之处，例如：Lamarck的用进废退演化现象，Darwin天择说中的变异、过度繁殖、生存竞争、适者生存等，及集合各家说法的Neo-Darwinism中的突变等。

The article notes that the introduction of nonscience, such as creation is many creationism and intelligent design, undermines fundamentals of science education--such as using the scientific method, understanding how to reach scientific consensus and telling scientific explanations for natural phenomena apart from nonscientific ones.

文章指出引入象创造论和智慧设计论的非科学会削弱科学教育的基本原理——例如象运用科学方法，知道如何达到科学公式以及对自然现象给出科学的解释而不是非科学的。

Except for Qingyi tradition from ancient literati, news thought in the West has some influence on the early Chinese press, by publishing a newspaper from the missionaries in China and transoceanic experience from some literati. It has an important role in the form of discussing politics from literati.

文人论政是中国近代新闻史上引人注目的现象，除了古代士大夫的清议传统，西方的新闻思想，通过传教士在华的办报实践和中国一部分知识分子的海外体验，影响了中国的早期报业，并对文人论政的风气的形成起了重要的作用。

Freud's analysis of the uncanny led him back to the old animistic conception of the universe:"…it seems as if each one of us has been through a phase of individual development corresponding to the animistic phase in primitive men, that none of us has passed through it without preserving certain residues and traces of it which are still capable of manifesting themselves, and that everything which now strikes us as 'uncanny' fulfils the condition of touching those residues of animistic mental activity within us and bringing them to expression."

弗洛伊德对于离奇现象的分析将他带回到古老的对于宇宙的万物有灵论观念：&似乎我们每个人都曾经历过一个相应于远古人的万物有灵阶段的个人发展阶段，我们中的所有人都保留了一定的仍然有所显示的残余和迹象而经过了那些阶段，现在使我们感到触动的每件事都满足这一条件——使我们触及到那些万物有灵论的精神活动的残余并使它们得以显现。&

In this paper the authors expose the plagiarization of translation in present China by giving several examples covering translating English, French and German literary works into Chinese, analyze the sources of this phenomenon and also suggest that certain countermeasures be taken to stop such an unhealthy tendency.

在本文中作者揭露了当前我国翻译界在文学翻译中的各种抄袭现象，举出《释论诗选》一书作为抄译的典型，并涉及其它英文文学作品和德、法文文学作品的译本。作者指出了产生这种现象的社会根源，并提出对策，即大力提倡精神文明并健全各种法律、法规，以期及时煞住这股不正之风

via their study the authors considered that it is lacking in logical reasoning for the authors of the paper titled on the return of competitive sports to their game playing nature - thoughts inspired by stimulant prohibition to further draw such a conclusion as the nature of competitive sports being game playing from their analysis of the hazards of using stimulants.the authors of this paper pointed out the followings: there is no intrinsic certain relation between these two issues; we should neither discuss the hazards of using stimulants to physical and mental health and the harm of competitive sports to the body, psychology and morality of the athletes at the same level, nor consider that the hazards brought by using stimulants to the healthy development of sports are as equally bad as the phenomenon of unfairness existing in the development of competitive sports and the phenomenon of science and technology "dissimilating" competitive sports; the fundamental goal of prohibiting the use of stimulants is to maintain the spirit of fair competition of competitive sports.

兴奋剂事件有隐情？摘要：研究认为《论竞技体育的游戏本原回归——由禁用兴奋剂引发的思考》由分析使用兴奋剂的危害入手，进而提出&竞技体育的本原是游戏&这一论断缺乏逻辑推理。研究指出，两者之间没有什么内在的必然联系；不能将使用兴奋剂对身心健康的危害与竞技体育对运动员身体、心理、道德等方面的伤害放在同一层面讨论，也不能将使用兴奋剂给体育健康发展带来的危害与竞技体育发展中存在的不公平现象、科技使竞技体育的&异化&现象相提并论；禁止使用兴奋剂的根本目的是维护竞技体育的公平竞争精神。

via their study the authors considered that it is lacking in logical reasoning for the authors of the paper titled on the return of competitive sports to their game playing nature - thoughts inspired by stimulant prohibition to further draw such a conclusion as the nature of competitive sports being game playing from their analysis of the hazards of using stimulants.the authors of this paper pointed out the followings: there is no intrinsic certain relation between these two issues; we should neither discuss the hazards of using stimulants to physical and mental health and the harm of competitive sports to the body, psychology and morality of the athletes at the same level, nor consider that the hazards brought by using stimulants to the healthy development of sports are as equally bad as the phenomenon of unfairness existing in the development of competitive sports and the phenomenon of science and technology "dissimilating" competitive sports; the fundamental goal of prohibiting the use of stimulants is to maintain the spirit of fair competition of competitive sports.

研究认为《论竞技体育的游戏本原回归——由禁用兴奋剂引发的思考》由分析使用兴奋剂的危害入手，进而提出&竞技体育的本原是游戏&这一论断缺乏逻辑推理。研究指出，两者之间没有什么内在的必然联系；不能将使用兴奋剂对身心健康的危害与竞技体育对运动员身体、心理、道德等方面的伤害放在同一层面讨论，也不能将使用兴奋剂给体育健康发展带来的危害与竞技体育发展中存在的不公平现象、科技使竞技体育的&异化&现象相提并论；禁止使用兴奋剂的根本目的是维护竞技体育的公平竞争精神。

The doctrine holding that mental activities are simply epiphenomena of the neural processes of the brain.

副''。'现象'。''论认为思想活动不过是大脑神经作用的副''。'现象'。''的学说

On the basis of analysing the indetermination factors affecting the evacuation start time,studying the main parameters on human evacuation motive ability,and considering the queuing characteristic and multi state phenomenon involved in evacuation performance,mathematical model on the human evacuation behavior in fire was set up.Based on net work theory and relational data base technology. The computer simulation on the optimum of human evacuation routes was realized on Mapinfo platform. This simulation ca...

基于对火灾时影响人员疏散行动的开始时间的不确定因子的分析，以及对火灾时人员疏散行动能力的主要影响因素的研究，在综合考虑建筑物空间疏散性状的排队现象和多态现象的前提下，建立火灾时人员疏散行为的数学模型·利用网论和关系数据库技术，在Mapinfo平台上，实现人员应急疏散路线的全局最优化，实现对疏散出口群集疏散流动规律的预测和评价·其研究成果，可以为建筑物性能化防火设计和应急疏散计划的制定提供科学的参考依据，防止群集事故的发生，减少群集事故的损失

He ordered the historiographers' institute to compile The List of Martyrized Officials of Last Dynasty and Biography of Disloyal Officials, He re-enforced the thoughts of traditional virtues by means of praising and honoring those martyrdoms of Ming Dynasty as well as denouncing those traitors.

他谕令史馆编纂《胜朝殉节诸臣录》、《贰臣传》，通过褒奖明末殉节之士，贬斥降清失义之臣，倡导忠义，风励臣节，借助明末清初历史来阐发自己的君臣关系论，适时转换道德角色，重新审论历史上的重要现象和人物，并作出符合清廷根本利益的理论解释，巧妙地把历史与现实统治结合在一起。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。