现象学

Based upon Husserl's constitutive analysis and genetic analysis of body, this pa-per is an attempt to uncover the sense of "corporeality" of the living body with the methodology of phenomenological psychology.

胡塞尔在《观念Ⅱ》与《笛卡儿沈思》对身体的形构分析与基源分析思想之间，我们可以读出一条回归身体具体存在的存在现象学或现象学心理学的描述之路，亦即透过身体感的基源存在条件，形构出「自我」与「他者」的「共同世界」。

With the Phenomenological theory especially the theory of Phenomenological Horizon and Epoche, we can clearer and deeper explain the function of the chorus, the essence of Apollo and Dionysos, the destiny and sacrifice of the tragic hero, the essence of tragedy and the relation between art and truth, etc.

运用现象学理论尤其是现象学中的视域理论、悬置理论，可以更清晰、更深刻地解释希腊悲剧中歌队的作用、酒神与日神的本质、悲剧英雄的命运与牺牲的缘由，以及悲剧的本质、与真理的关系等这些文艺学中最重要的问题。

Specifically, transcendental reduction is necessitated by the relationship between phenomenology and anthropology. Eidetic reduction, intuition of essence and ideation, is necessitated by the relationship between phenomenology and psychology.

具体地说，从现象学与人类学的关系来说明现象学的先验还原方法及其必要性；从现象学与心理学的关系来说明本质还原方法及其必要性。

Under the influence of phenomenological methodology, Van Steenberghen ingenuously brought the phenomenological methods of consciousness analysis into the reinterpretation of Thomas Aquinas's epistemology to build an epistemological system in the disguise of phenomenology, which actually is an development based on Thomas Aquinas's epistemology combining the ancient truthfulness and the modern creativity.

在受到现象学方法的影响之下，汪斯坦博根以不凿痕迹的巧妙安排，把现象学的意识分析的方法引入对多玛斯知识论的重新解释，建立起一个看似现象学包装的知识论体系，实则根据多玛斯的知识原理加以发扬光大，既有绍述古人思想的真诚，也有现代人创新发明的精妙处，读来令人爱不释卷。

This part has four chapters in all, each sketching out Derrida's academic platform, theoretical interest and thinking conclusions at his first entering of phenomenology from the aspects of psychologism, descriptive phenomenology, transcendental phenomenology and teleology.

这一部分共分四章，分别从心理主义、描述性现象学、先验现象学和目的论等方面勾勒出德里达进入现象学的学术平台、理论旨趣和思考结论。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的"现象学阶段"可以被视为他关于"心理学的哲学"的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将"原子命题"解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于"原子命题"之所是的正面解说），维氏的"现象学阶段"乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的"逻辑原子主义"之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的"现象学"观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于"不可说性"与"可说性"的二分法。

The phenomenological method used by Husserl, not only lays a foundation of the development of the phenomenological movement — the most important philosophic thoughts in European mainland in 20th century, but also has exerted broad and profound influence on various fields and disciplines, including the western philosophy, psychology, aesthetics, literature, logic, ethics, mathematics, natural science and even economics and so on.

胡塞尔所使用的现象学方法不仅为20世纪欧洲大陆最重要的哲学思潮——现象学运动的产生和发展提供了基础，而且还对现象学运动以后的西方哲学、心理学、美学、文学、逻辑学、伦理学、数学、自然科学，甚至经济学等等学科都有深远影响。

On the one hand, Husserl's phenomenological psychology wanted to serve as the precondition and base on which empirical psychology could become true or scientific psychology, on the other hand, Husserl hoped, as a medium, phenomenological psychology could act as important guiding to transcendental phenomenology and realize its tasks.

一方面，胡塞尔的现象学心理学想充当经验心理学成为真正心理学或者说科学心理学的先决条件和基础。另一方面，胡塞尔希望现象学心理学能够作为一个中介，充当通往先验现象学的重要导引，实现先验现象学的任务。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的&现象学阶段&可以被视为他关于&心理学的哲学&的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将&原子命题&解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于&原子命题&之所是的正面解说），维氏的&现象学阶段&乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的&逻辑原子主义&之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的&现象学&观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于&不可说性&与&可说性&的二分法。

Study in French phenomenology, especially texts of the second-generation phenomenologists, Michel Henry and Jean-Luc Marion, for example, for the purpose of analyzing and criticizing deeply and systematically French phenomenology, very important part of phenomenological philosophy, and so giving an impetus to the studies of phenomenology in China.

当代法国现象学研究，特别是对第二代法国现象学家代表人物如Michel Henry和Jean-Luc Marion等人理论的研究，以期比较深入和系统地分析和批判作为现象学哲学重要方面的法国现象学，并由此推进国内现象学研究。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。