现实化

521It is this absolute and universal inversion and alienation of the actual world and of thought; it is pure culture.

贺译（ p65）：对其自己的概念有所意识了的精神，就是现实和思想两者的绝对而又普遍的颠倒和异化；它就是纯粹的教化。

The art of TV drama is to show social life , because of its illusion , the quinquagenarian audience have expectation for reality of the TV play . TV play should play the role as the juncture between reality and illusion , which means we should establish a balancing mirror image which transmit relation between real life through the audiences' eyes and the virtual world that TV drama processed .

电视剧艺术是社会生活的"电视化"展示，由于电视剧的幻觉效应，中老年受众对电视剧有着"真实期待"，电视剧是中老年受众现实与虚幻的心理结合点，受众眼中的真实世界与电视剧中艺术化的世界应构成平衡的镜像传递关系。

Based on ecological characteristics of Amur tiger\'s main prey-----red deer, wild boar and roe deer,and combined with 3S technology, data-base technology and computer language,a spatially explicit population model(LAPS, Landscape-level Animal Populaiton Simulator) was developed.

空间直观种群模型将现实生境和种群动态结合在一起，采用基于个体的模拟途径，综合了动物个体与生境之间的交互过程，在模拟和预测景观破碎化对动物影响方面具有突出的优势。

However, Jiazhangke's films create the space by using motion, shooting scale ,the relations among performers and the transportation and a outer space of image in Jia's films is also created through dispatching the shot, performers and multiple space ,refering to which this text reexplains and conformities the film's concept of space and analyses how to create the space using audio in order to formulate Jia's understandings to space――the film space view of "non-mirror-image" and the inherent tension and open space idea taking root on the reality.

本文通过对电影空间概念的重新诠释和整合，以及对贾樟柯利用运动、景别、人物关系和交通工具营造空间，通过贾樟柯对影片中镜头、演员、多重空间的调度，创造画外空间，和用声音创造空间等实证性的分析，阐述了贾樟柯对空间的理解——非镜像化的电影空间，以及这种理解扎根于当下、立足于现实而形成的内在的张力和开放式的空间观念，揭示了他的作品独特的空间观念及这种空间观念对中国电影民族化的影响。

The special thing about Liu's art is that his works are not expressions of general emotions (what is commonly known as 'follow the feelings'), or graceful skills, or utilitarian interpretations of practical questions the latter is originated from France in the 18th century and its revolutionary tradition, namely political and utilitarian behaviorism tradition. French didacticism philosophers in the 18th century, just like the early renaissant civic humanists, advocated active and vibrant way of life and fought against ruminative way. They were not interested in metaphysics, and cared about practical issues—moral, mental and social--in their lives. They were confident of human future and held undoubted faith in history progress.

刘永刚的艺术的独特之处，就在于其作品中的表现性，不是一般性的情绪化的表现，不只是我们通常认为的"跟着感觉走"，也不是技巧性的优雅表现，或是对现实问题的功利性的主题解释，后者来源于18世纪的法国及法国革命传统，即政治化、功利化的行动主义传统。18世纪的法国启蒙主义哲学家，像文艺复兴早期的公民人文者一样，崇尚积极活跃的生活，不赞成沉思默想的生活，对形而上学没有兴趣，关心此时此地的人生中的实际问题——道德的、心理的、社会的问题，他们对人类的前途充满了信心，对历史的进步具有毫不怀疑的信念。

According to Roman Ingarden, a text consists of schematized aspects; that is, texts present aspects of reality not in their entirety but rather schematically, in a skeletal form.

在罗曼·英伽登看来，一个文本包含着图式化的方面层。也就是说，文本所表现的现实并不是它的全貌，而只是用图式的形式勾勒出一个轮廓。

Based on the analysis of this study, the major counseling and guidance principles are establishing and maintaining good relationship between teacher and student, accepting and advising children, fairness, teacher's words conforming with higher actions, and other counselling viewpoints; the essential principles of adaptation include a positive attitude toward reality, self-directing and hard working, proper combination of toughness and gentleness, survival in distress, and other viewpoints relative to the adaptation of oneself to the external environment; and leadership principles include using normative power, contingency, and the important characteristics associated with leaders.

主要之辅导原理为包容接纳儿童、辅导儿童自导、建立良好的师生关系、至诚、渐进、豫防、境教身教言教并重、动静相济、公平无私、日新其德、变通、仁合於义、与时偕行、只管耕耘不计收获、周而能异、遏恶扬善、益之用凶事、以果行首德、爱而严之教育态度、恒久於其道而天下化成、有德长老之领导、熟练以致用、不可急速正其不正等；主要之适应原理为中且正、亲比、天下随时、包含章美、积极面对现实、敬慎、努力充实自己、自强不息、自我尝试、自求、刚而能柔、柔而能刚、积种倾倒否塞、艰难以处之、内健而外顺、生於忧患、反身修德、利人、至诚、安而不忘危、见几而作等；主要之统御原理为在莅众用晦而明、师出以律、无为、以孚信化邦、以贵下贱、知临、咸感以临下、威临吉无不利未顺命也、变而过之以尽利、在师中吉、劳谦、敬之无咎、长子帅师、容民畜众、君子央央、师或舆尸凶、师左次无咎、慎密、匪其彭无咎、有孚维心亨、作事谋始、圣人感人心、明慎用那而不留狱、先甲三日后甲三日、致命遂志、涣其躬、涣其羣、动而免乎险、上以厚下安宅、思不出其位等。

The aging or even senility in the whole population structure will bring giant changes and challenges to the development of the social politics, economy and culture.

人口结构的老龄化甚至高龄化将给社会政治、经济和文化发展带来巨大的变化和挑战，因此针对老年人和老龄社会的各项研究都具有相当大的理论和现实意义。

It seems natural to use this idea into the parameterization of the blending surfaces of three pipe surfaces, however, the blending surface of three pipe surfaces is very complicated and the inappropriate choice of parameters can lead to singular blending surface.

将这一思想应用于三管拼接曲面的参数化是自然的，但是由于三向管道曲面的拼接曲面是是复杂的，并且由于参数选取不当可能出现三个管道曲面分别拼接于混合拼接曲面的不同分支等奇异情况，从而这一思想的实现具有现实难度。

Technique development, basic facilities improvement and cost decline make "globalization" communication possible. 4. Globalization of communication technique aggravates the "unfairness" of international communication and leads to its different layers, classes and unbalanced distribution. 5. The end of "cold war" deconstructs the opposite between the East and the West, but not ends the difference between the South and the North and the "civilization conflict". 6. The population redistribution makes the traditional nations and countries in the relevant areas unstable and influences the original national cultural identity. 7."Globalization" communication deepens the alertness of national elite intellectuals, which makes them strengthen their sense of mission to keep and guard the spiritual home of national traditional culture (including traditional belief, value, cultural pattern and so on) that will be possibly subverted and maliciously remade. 8. The combination of "direction" and "strategy", or the speciousness makes big trans-national media corporations sweep away all obstacles and occupy the markets in the developing countries, in which have appeared the phenomenon of "narrations of traditional cultures tending to similarities". 9."Global village": myth or reality? 10. The difference of culture and ideology often causes the different understanding and value judgement to the contents of trans-national communication.

第一部分将中国国家电视文化安全问题放到"全球化"的大背景中加以考量，分别从以下18个维度展开论述：1、全球化语境与我们的抉择；2、与"全球化"同样历史悠久的"国际传播"；3、技术的进步和相关基础设施的广泛建立并不断完善以及使用成本的持续下降，使得"全球化"传播成了可能；4、传播技术的全球化，加剧了国际传播的"不平等"，导致了国际传播的层级性和不均衡分布；5、"冷战"的终结解构了东西对立，但却并未终结南北差异和"文明的冲突"；6、人口的重新分布使得相关区域的传统意义上的民族国家面临潜在的不稳定，并有可能影响到原来各个国家已经定型的民族文化认同；7、"全球化"传播加深了民族国家精英知识分子的戒心，"守望民族传统文化的精神家园"的使命感使得他们开始关注核心的"传统文化"（具体包括传统的信仰、价值观、文化模式等）的有可能被颠覆或被恶意改造；8、"方向"与"策略"的有机结合，使得大型跨国传媒公司所向披靡，在发展中国家屡屡得手，很多国家出现了"祖母的同质化"现象；9、"地球村"：神话还是现实？

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。