现代沉积

A important conclusion is that fluvial-lacustrine, karst, diluvial, colluvial, glacial and outwash deposits, which formed between early Pleistocene and early middle-Pleistocene, have high cement degree, low permeability, high intensity, low deformation, and good engineering properties, but modern riverbed phase deposits, which formed in between late middle-Pleistocene and Holocene, are loose, highly permeable, weak, highly deformable and have bad engineer characteristics, so they are susceptive to differential settlement, piping, drafting, liquefaction problems.

得出早更新世—中更新世早期河湖相沉积、岩溶沉积、洪积、崩坡积、冰碛和冰水沉积密实度高，胶结较好，透水性差，强度高，变形小，工程性质较好，而中更新世晚期—全新世现代河床沉积较松散，渗透性高，强度较低，变形较大，易发生差异沉降、管涌、流土、地震液化等工程地质问题的重要结论。

The deep water deposition means the deposition in the area where the water depth is larger than 30 meters, in which the major sediments are coarse sand and gravel. This kind of deposition is the relic deposition formed by the Pleistocene alluvial-lacustine deposition reworked under modern channel currents actions, and ususally the Holocene acummulation lack in the deep waters. The transitional zone deposition is the deposition between the low tidal level line and the 30 meters isobath, where the sediment types is changeable and the grain sizes are gradually coarsening from the low tidal line to the deep water area. This kind of deposition is developed by the deep water eroded sediments sorting under the transitional zone current action. The different types distributed along the isobath. The tidal flat deposition is the fine sediment deposition on the tidal flat which is flo sedimentation of the silty clay under the tidal flat dynamic action and ususally developed fluid mud on the lower tidal flat. The channel mouth deposition is the deposition in the channel mouth area. According to the sediment types, it includes sand deposition where there are coarse sediments supply and silt deposition where there are only fine sediments surpport.

峡道深水区沉积是指水深大于30米的峡道底部沉积，它以粗颗粒砂砾石沉积为特色，是现代峡道水动力对第四纪海退时发育的冲洪积和坡积物进行改造形成的蚀余沉积，全新世沉积地层往往缺失；峡道过渡带沉积是指水深介于低潮位线至30米水深线之间发育的峡道边坡沉积，该带沉积以沉积物类型多样为特色，自低潮位线至30米水深线，沉积物粒级逐渐变粗，由粉砂质粘土逐渐递变为中粗砂，是峡道深水区沉积物经多次分选沉积而发育的，基本平行于等深线分布的条带状沉积，在岸坡较陡岸段，过渡带下部可发育重力沉积；峡道潮滩沉积是指在低潮线与海岸线之间发育的细颗粒沉积，它是粘性细颗粒泥沙在潮滩动力作用下，发生动水絮凝沉积而形成的粉砂质粘土沉积，在低潮滩可发育浮泥；峡道口门区沉积则是在峡道汇入大海或海湾时，在峡道出口水流影响所及范围的沉积，根据峡道口门区供给泥沙的特性，峡道口门区沉积有粉砂质淤泥沉积和砂质沉积两种类型。

As a case study, lacustrine petroleum source rocks in the Jiyang depression of the Bohai Bay basin are studied.

近年来，现代沉积和水生生物学的研究取得了很大进展①，使我们对水体中浮游藻类

Detailed examination of sedimentary cores retrieved from Sugan Lake in the northern Qaidam Basin of northwest China\'s Tibetan Plateau reveal that fine laminated beddings form in the sediments where water depth exceeds 3 m.

基于沉积物收集装置的现代过程研究发现，苏干湖夏秋季以浅色的单水方解石为主，冬半年以深色有机质为主，现代湖泊能够形成冬半年深色层和夏半年浅色层的纹层沉积。

Without anthropogenic radioactivity, the initial 129I abundance of surface reservoir of earth is confirmed as 1.5×10^(-12) that can be used as starting value for calculation of cosmogenic 129I dating.

核试验和核事故释放的129I测定的是现代沉积物年代，测年时间尺度为50a。人们提出人类利用原子能之前地球表层初始129I丰度为1.5×10^(-12)，并以该值作为利用宇生129I估算年代的初始丰度值。

The modern correlation of foraminiferal thanatocoenoses with their environments can be used to interpret the core sediment record, by which the author reconstructed the sedimentary environment of the area since the late Pleistocene.

现代海岸沉积中有孔虫埋葬群与其沉积环境的关系在晚第四纪以来的海岸带沉积记录中也同样存在，据此可揭示海岸带晚第四纪以来的沉积环境演变历史。

Five pieces of paleogeographic maps were made out with modern stratigraphic principles and sedimantary system method. It is shown by the maps that in the beginning of the Changzhougou time the Yanshan Region was occupied by alluvial environment with paleoriver flowing northeast, in the middle of the Changzhougou time a transgression changed whole Yanshan Region into shoreline-shallow sea environment gradually, and sedimentary boundary extended so continuously that by the Gaoyuzhuang time it had overpassed far beyond the Yanshan Region.

在缺乏良好等时面的情况下，本文依据现代地层学原理和沉积体系分析法编制了常州沟组初期与中期，串岭沟组初期，大红峪组初期，及高于庄组初期燕山地区的岩相古地理图，示意了燕山地区在长城纪时由冲积扇-河流为主的陆地环境向滨海-浅海环境的演变过程，并揭示了沉积区域不断扩大的趋势，表明常州沟组初期，以蓟县-宽城为轴线发育了冲积相组，海岸线可能在燕山以北，常州沟组中期发生海侵，沉积区扩大至整个燕山地区，大红峪组时海盆范围继续扩大，高于庄组时，沉积边界已远远超出燕山地区。

On the basis of summarizing the status quotation of related researches at home and abroad, problems in related researches and studies are analyzed and the important research fields and contents in marsh sedimentology are chosen:Establishing different model of marsh sedimentation, to support marsh definition and classification from sedimentology; Advancing theory and quantification, to analyze formation process of marsh from quality to quantity methods; Applying modern sampling system and setting up standard sedimentation profiles; Strengthening the research of gleying marsh inland and its recent process and evidence derived from sedimentation profile; Enlarging geography fields and comparing between spatial and temporal research, and enforcing regional short timescale and highresolution environmental change; Paying much more attention on correlations between watershed environment and information derived from marsh sedimentary records and especially on their controlling mechanism.

主要从学术文献、权威机关与科研机构两个方面对相关的国内外研究现状和进展进行总结，针对国内外研究现状和存在的问题提出了今后研究的重点：建立不同成因的沼泽沉积环境模式，从沉积学角度对沼泽定义及分类提供支撑；注重理论提升与定量化，使沼泽形成过程分析从定性描述走向定量化；注重现代化采样系统的应用与标准沉积剖面的建立；加强内陆潜育沼泽研究，注重现代过程与沉积剖面证据；扩大地理覆盖面，加强时空对比，加强沼泽区域性短尺度、高分辨率环境演化研究；深化沼泽沉积信息与流域环境变迁耦合机制研究。

In the whole work, the analysis of biomarkers from both ancient consolidation mudstones and modern sediments is successful , indicating wide potential in research of organic geochemistry.

在整个工作中，无论古代沉积岩，还是现代沉积物的生物标志化合物分析均得到了满意的结果，说明此项技术在有机地'球化学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。

We have observed the structure of these dune sands and analyzed the grain-size,surface textural features and several main chemical elements of them,the results showed that:(1) these dune sands have some eolian structure characteristics which are similar to the recent dune sands;(2) they are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain-size components,and parameters of Mz,?滓,Sk and Kg,as well as in several main chemical components;(3) the scatter plots of Mz-?滓,SiO2-Al2O3+TOFE and the probability curves of grain-size showed that these paleo dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies but are consistency with recent dune sands;and(4) the quartz sands have well roundness and some surface textural features such as dish-shape pits,crescent-shape pits,pockmarked pits,upturned cleavage plates,siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses,indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind.

对这些沙丘砂的沉积构造观察以及粒度、扫描电镜和常量化学元素分析结果表明：(1)这些沙丘砂具有与现代沙丘砂相似的风成沉积构造特征；(2)粒度及其参数--Mz、σ、Sk和Kg，以及主要化学组分SiO2、Al2O3和TOFE也与现代沙丘砂相近；(3)Mz-σ、SiO2-Al2O3+TOFE散点图和概率累积曲线显示这些沙丘砂与萨拉乌苏组中的河湖相、古土壤差别明显，而与现代沙丘砂一致；(4)石英砂颗粒具有良好的磨圆以及碟形坑、新月形坑、麻坑、上翻解理薄片、硅质沉淀和硅质裂纹等表面结构特征，反映其曾受持久的风力搬运作用。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新