环铵

The effect of guanidine hydrochloride concentration on the oxidative refolding of denatured-reduced lysozyme of high concentration in the presence of artificial chaperone , that is, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and β-cyclodextrin,was studied.

研究了表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加β-环糊精和盐酸胍对高浓度变性-还原溶菌酶氧化复性的影响，利用基于二态复性模型的表观动力学模型分析了溶菌酶的复性过程。

Cycloalkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl cyanoacetate with alkyl halide was investigated in the presence of toluene.

以甲苯为溶剂及带水剂，用粉末K2CO3代替常规使用的乙醇钠，在季铵盐和聚乙二醇混合相转移催化剂的存在下，含有活泼氢的丙二酸二乙酯和氰乙酸乙酯与二卤代物进行缩合反应，得到相应的环化物。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

The binding capacities of the water-soluble chitosan and its derivatives to taurocholate and glycocholate as bile salts were investigated in vitro.

修饰后的壳聚糖结合胆酸盐的能力增强，说明引入更多的胺基或铵基有利于对胆酸盐的结合，胺基上烷基与胆酸盐的甾环之间也应当产生疏水相互作用；同样我们在体外也研究了水溶性壳聚糖及其衍生物对硬脂酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠的结合能力及其影响因素。

The uniform nano-sized titanic oxide mesoporous thin film which can be coated repeatedly was prepared by adding tetrahydrofuran which acts as dispersant to micro-emulsion system consisting of water,cyclohexane,hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and butyl alcohol.

通过在水、环己烷、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、正丁醇4组分构成的微乳液体系中加入起分散作用的四氢呋喃，制备出均匀、可重复成膜的纳米氧化钛介孔薄膜。

A new imidazolinyl intermediate is prepared from phenylacetic acid and diethylenetriamine firstly, and then they react with the solution of sodium chloroacetate into the imidazolinyl quaternary ammonium salt.

以二甲苯为溶剂，苯乙酸和二乙烯三胺为原料，经酰胺化和环化脱水合成了新型咪唑啉化合物，并用氯乙酸钠溶液对其进行改性得到了苯乙酸咪唑啉季铵盐。

For the above purposes, using a tailored cyanometalate precursor,(1) Tp=hydrotris (pyrazolyl borate; Bu〓N〓=tetrabutylammonium cation , two trinulear complexes,〓(2),〓(3; cyclam: 1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), two one-dimensional polymers,〓(4; dien: diethylenetriamine),〓(5), and a cluster 〓(6) have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically.

基于上述研究热点，我们以修饰的氰基金属化合物(1)为构筑基元（Tp：三吡唑基氢硼烷，Bu〓N〓：四丁基铵离子），合成了两个杂三核化合物，〓(2)，〓（3；cyclam：1，4，8，11-四氮环十四烷），两个一维聚合物，〓（4；dien：二乙烯三胺），〓(5)，和一个十四核簇合物〓(6)。

Three types of dyes derived from crown ether benzotellurazole (including telluracarbocyanine, polymethine styryl dye and merocyanine dye) are formed by the methods analogous to non-crown ether dyes.

本文系统研究了冠醚苯并碲唑的各种合成方法，探讨了杂环的季铵化反应，并进一步制备了对称冠醚碲碳菁及冠醚苯并碲唑衍生的多甲川苯乙烯菁、部花青染料。

A series of 3,3,6,6 tetramethyl 1,8 dioxo 9 aryl 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 decahydro acridines have been synthesized by the condensation of aromatic aldehydes, 5,5 dimethyl 1,3 cyclohexanedione and ammonium acetate in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride as catalyst in water.

芳醛、5 ，5 二甲基 1，3 环己二酮与醋酸铵在三乙基苄基氯化铵催化下以水作为溶剂反应，生成一系列 3 ，3 ，6，6 四甲基 1，8 二氧代 9 芳基 1，2 ，3 ，4，5 ，6，7，8，9，10 十氢吖啶，与其它溶剂相比，水作为该反应的溶剂具有价格便宜，不易燃和无毒等优点，而且产率较高，产物的结构通过单晶X射线确

Phenothiazines were also oxidized byiodine and 2, 2, 6, 6- tetramethyl - 4 - acetyloxypiperidineoxoammonium hexachloroantimonate to radical cations in the cavityof β-cyclodextrins in aqueous solution.

以吩噻嗪衍生物为底物，2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-乙酰氧基哌啶氧铵六氯锑酸盐、碘为氧化剂，二者在水相中β-环糊精腔内发生了单电子转移反应，产生了吩噻嗪衍生物正离子自由基。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失