环流的

Its conclusion is, after the deep-seated reason with our country constrictive economy depends on our country entering superfluous economy, economy " network chain " in, because active financing system lacks our country to innovate to improve industry technology,ability and the finance that rise economy of technical innovation translate into dynamic technology project choose mechanism and ecbolic mechanism, the deposit that makes economy medium from this cannot effectively translate into invests, make finally enterprise, bank and dweller each " node " the economy between is circumfluent occurrence block, so that form economic accumulation the gender is constrictive.

其结论是，我国经济紧缩的深层原因在于我国进入过剩经济后，经济"网络链条"中，由于我国现行的融资制度缺乏为提高企业技术创新能力和将技术创新转化为经济增长动力的技术项目的金融筛选机制和催生机制，由此使经济中的储蓄不能有效地转化为投资，最终使企业、银行和居民各"节点"之间的经济环流出现阻塞，以至于形成经济的累积性紧缩。

The correlogram of CEF and OLR and the composite chart of 850hPa wind field while CEF is stronge...

结果表明，夏季海洋大陆赤道缓冲区的对流上升运动(90°E～120°E，5°N～5°S)、澳州大陆冷性高压(10°S～30°S，120°E～155°E)的发展，都影响2～3候以后105°E夏季越赤道气流；澳洲大陆北部的冷性高压，西太平洋副热带高压西端位置西伸或东缩造成的东中国海季风区上升运动的变化，又是南北半球环流同时影响CEF变化的具体表现。

Building of the operation rules of curl and divergence for vector field in R 3 space;2. Analysing by mathematics and the concepts of flux and curl , we can get the differential form of gauss s theorems in electrostatic field and ampere s cycle theorem in electrostatic field.

电动力学中的内容一般是从电磁学最基本的实验规律出发，由静电场中的库仑定律得到静电场的高斯定理和环路定理，利用通量与散度、环流与旋度的关系，得到静电场的高斯定理和坏路定理的微分形式。

This doctoral dissertation is composed of several parts: At beginning, the frontal structure, the effects of diabatic heating and orography, the dynamics of frontal circulation and the mesoscale systems associated with front are reviewed. Several problems based on the review are brought forward. First, at present, the semigeostrophic frontogenesis theory is the most appropriate basic framework for the general explanation of the frontogenetic process. However, the comparison between semigeostrophic theory and the observation have revealed some inconsistencies. The newly observational facts increase the inconsistencies.

本博士论文主要由如下几部分组成，首先对锋面结构、地形和非绝热加热对锋的影响、锋生环流及锋面附近中尺度系统动力学问题的历史与现状进行了综述，在此基础上提出需要进行研究的若干问题：(1)、半地转锋生理论直到今天仍是解释锋生过程的最合适的理论框架，但是通过与观测事实比较，人们发现半地转理论不能对许多锋面观测特征给出令人满意的回答，新的观测事实使问题更加突出，这就向人们提出：是什么原因导致半地转理论与实际观测的不符？

By using the multi-year series of the circulation indices P and C for the closed pressure system on the unit radius spherical surface,three characteristic quantities of annual system centers(around the climatological center C-) are defined.1Average distance r,which is defined as the weighted geometric average distance of the annual system centers C deviating from the climatological center C-(i.e.the center location anomaly C′),is a measurement for distribution area of the system...

用单位半径球面上闭合气压系统环流指数P、C的多年序列，构造了历年系统中心在C-周围分布的3个特征量：1平均距离r，它定义为历年系统中心C偏离于气候中心C-的权重几何平均距离，是系统中心分布区域大小的度量；2压缩系数μ，它描述了历年系统中心分布区域偏离于圆形的程度，是历年系统中心位置分布各向异性的度量；3极大异常方向β，它用系统中心极大异常偏离-C处正东方向的角度，给出了系统中心的主要异常方向。

It is different from the Hoskins potential vorticity theory to explain the positive potential vorticity abnormal in upper level and the positive feedback of cyclone in lower layer which the plateau is a strong warm source that the heating effect is stronger than the warm air advection. The superadiabatic state is frequently appears over the plateau, it would be favorable to the development of the cyclonic circulation.

与Hoskins用位涡思想来阐述高层正位涡异常与低层气旋的正反馈作用不同的是，夏季高原本身是巨大的热源，这种加热甚至比暖平流加热还强；高原上经常出现"超干绝热"现象，这将使得高原上的气旋性环流加强幅度比其他情况下更大；由于高原地形的抬高使得从高原到上层扰动的气层厚度小于Rossby穿透高度HR=fL/。。。

On the basis of a great deal of information, several general problem on land sarface process parametrization for a global circulation model and its history of development are described. The Bucket model, EARTH, ISBA and SiSPAT models are respectively expounded, and the situation of studies on land surface process parametrization is summarized. China is a participating country of the international geosphere-biosphere program and the study on circulation of global energy and moisture, and has put forward some valuable soil-vegetation-atmosphere models for land surface process parametrization. which results in effective studies on vegetation indexes.

在大量资料基础上，叙述了大气环流模式陆面过程参数化方案的一般问题及其发展历程，分别阐述了水桶模式、EARTH模式、ISBA模式和SiSPAT模式；总结了在陆面过程参数化方面的研究状况，我国参与了国际地圈生物圈计划和全球能量与水分循环的研究，特别是在陆面过程的参数化研究方面，提出了一些有价值的土壤—植物—大气模式，对植被指数进行了有成效的研究。

The results showed as followed :（ 1 ） The most important factor of atmospheric general circulation controlled and influenced the immigration of WBPH＇s populations was the patterns and the tempo-spatial changes of potential height field on 850hPa isobaric surface,（2） There were relative coincident air streams with a northern exposure on 850hPa isobaric surface during the migrations northward of WBPH and there were concurrent airflows with a southern exposure on 925hPa isobaric surface during the migration southward.

利用MM5中尺度数值预报模式和由PCVSAT系统接收的气象数据对2个典型的白背飞虱南、北迁降落过程的大气背景进行了数值模拟和客观分析，模拟和分析结果表明：（1）850hPa等压面上气压场的配置及其随时空的演变是控制和影响白背飞虱迁入的最重要的大气环流因素。

It is also shown that one of the most important reasons of the heavy rain amplification is the cold air which spreads to south from midlatitude in the lower troposphere and transports into the typhoon low pressure. The study of PV on isentropic surface shows the active state of the midlatitude cold air. The tropopause folding, which means that high PV spreads downward from the upper troposphere or stratosphere, helps the releasing of potential instability energy and the development of rainstorm.

分析表明：对流层低层中高纬度冷空气扩散南下在台风低压环流区附近的"侵入"作用是此次特大暴雨过程的最重要的原因之一；等熵面位涡的分析进一步说明了中高纬地区冷空气的活动状况；对流层高层或平流层低层高位涡的下传有利于位势不稳定能量的释放，使得暴雨增幅。

Dry, cold air is induced reaction of transformation.6vertical wind shearIS a important role 7 the interaction stage of tropical cyclone with a midlatitude baroclinic zone was an essentialcomponent.

垂直风切变相互作用是激发热带气旋的变性不可获缺的条件(7)热带风暴和中纬度斜压带相互作用是变性的必要条件：只有减弱的热带风暴嵌入先前存在的中纬度斜压带，才能完成正压向斜压的转变。正是热带气旋环流和斜压带和垂直风切变相互作用激发了热带气旋的变性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。