环流的

The conditional symmetry instability is the intermediate process between the stable and instable states of the atmosphere. The evolution of the atmosphere from the stable to unstable state or from unstable to stable state comes through two stages. The convective-symmetric instability circulation is related with the state and type of the instability. When the conditional instability lies in the lower level and conditional symmetric instability in the upper level, the circulation will have vertical updrafts in the lower level and slantwise updrafts in the upper level. The release of conditional symmetric instability gives rise to a mesoscale rain belt.

结果表明：条件对称不稳定是大气稳定状态和条件不稳定状态之间的中间纽带，大气由稳定向不稳定或者由不稳定向稳定的演变均通过条件对称不稳定来实现；对流对称不稳定环流的形成与不稳定层的配置有关，当低层为条件不稳定而高层叠加深厚的条件对称不稳定时，对流对称不稳定环流低层出现垂直上升气流，高层出现范围较广的倾斜上升气流，对称不稳定能量释放产生中尺度云带。

In this paper, a kind of finite algorithm to seek the optimal citculation in digraph is proposed.

本文提出一种在有向图中求最优环流的有限算法。

On the basis of these results, the impacts of horizontal inhomogeneous heating on the circulation are discussed.

在此基础上，深入研究了水平非均匀加热对大气环流的影响。

In order to get the more accurate data of atmospheric capacity about this type of area, such as Yueyang, this paper analyzed the characteristics of Yueyang meteorology, gathered the features of atmospheric pollution sources, worked out the main problems in environmental protection. In addition, we analyzed the rule of atmospheric transport and diffusion, and took the Frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of Yueyang, which was achieved by A-P index, and compares the modified data of atmospheric capacity with the data of atmospheric capacity achieved by multi-source. The results indicated that according to the fact of lake and breeze, taking the frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of the field with stable lake and breeze, which is achieved by A-P index, made the atmospheric capacity more accurate. Accordingly, the result could be more reliable if the modified data is taken to calculate the atmospheric capacity when we assess the impact on the environment of the field with stable lake and land breeze.

为准确地求得这一类型地区的大气环境容量，本文研究了岳阳市城区大气环境的主要特点，收集大气污染源数据并进行分析，查明岳阳市城区主要环境问题，分析岳阳市城区主要大气污染物的迁移转化规律，对A-P指数法求得的岳阳市大气环境容量值用湖陆风频率进行修正，并将修正后的大气环境容量与多源模型(区域大气环境容量计算模型)求得的大气环境容量进行对比，得出结论：根据湖陆风环流情况下的大气扩散方式，对有稳定的湖陆风环流的地区，采用湖陆风频率修正A-P指数法求大气环境容量，进一步提高了计算的准确性。

East Asian Monsoon is a component part of the General Circulation.

东亚季风系统是全球大气环流的一个组成部分。

Results of numerical simulation indicate that the RAMS can successfully simulate the location and evolution of the ocean-effect snowstorm in the coastal area . The mesoscale vertical circulation is found when the snowstorm occurs , and the snowfall increases with the strengthening of updrafts and the development of adverse wind regions .

数值模拟结果显示：模式对沿海地区的冷流降雪过程具有较强的预报能力，可以很好地模拟出降雪的落区和大气环流形势的演变，证实了暴雪中尺度垂直环流的存在；强降雪集中出现在上升运动增强和逆风区维持的阶段。

In the Changjiang River estuary, suspended sediment transport is dominated also by advective transport and the Stokes drift effect. In addition, resuspension and vertically circulating currents are important in suspended sediment transport.

水深流速和悬沙浓度的潮变动相关项以及垂向环流的的作用和垂向潮振荡切变作用也同样是引起悬沙输运的重要因子，这表明了再悬浮和垂向环流对悬沙输运的重要作用。

The results showed that obvious interdecadal variability of summer temperature was found,which was relevant to interdecadal variability of atmospheric circulation over the Asia.It also indicated that the important reason of summer temperature anomaly might be interdecadal variability of climate in Northern China.The circulation in mid-latitudes and high-latitudes in summer of 2003 took on two troughs and ridges,which was contrary to climate state of recent decades.The signs of climate shift were foreshowed in 2003 according to the characteristics of interdecadal variability.

结果表明：中国夏季气温变化有明显的年代际特征，这一特征与亚洲上空大气环流的年代际变化紧密相关，表明我国北方地区夏季气温异常一个很重要的原因或许是缘于气候年代际变化。2003年夏季中高纬环流形势呈两槽两脊的配置，与近十几年气候态分布刚好相反，因而从气候年代际变化的特征来看，2003年为预示年代际气候转型的征兆。

The main conclusions are those:(1) the cause of hot-dry climate before elevation of plateau is that the efficiency of atmospheric heat engine is lower than after the elevation owing to flatter global landform;(2) at the beginning of Oligocene Epoch,the horizontal scale of plateau reached the cr...

主要结论：（1）高原隆起前的干热气候是由于隆起前全球地势平坦，致使大气热机效率很低之故；（2）渐新世初高原的水平尺度达到了斜压大气地转适应的临界尺度，大气环流从南北两极&两涡对峙&突变成地球三极的&三涡鼎立&，气候发生突变；（3）分析了2.5Ma时高原抬升到2000m这一重要临界高度后大气环流的一系列相应变化；（4）计算、比较了最大冰期地气系统能量平衡与现代的差异，并由此分析了当时的气候状况

The result showed that the strong storm followed by mesoscale squall line was primary cause of strong sandstorm producing, steps and ladders short wave trough of 500 hPa was great criterion triggering system for the mesoscale squall line producing, the essential dynamic condition was provided by distortion field and the mesoscale low pressure of 700 hPa for the strong sandstorm forming and maintaining in mid-west of Hexi Corridor, the deep vertical circulation development condition was basic power that urged squall line to occur and sand dust to curl up, which was provided for the deep convection development by superimposition of lifting movement before ground cold front and ascendant current of secondary circulation in upper air jet entrance region, temperature and the barometric gradient around the cold front was enlarged by enhancement of ground thermal low and temperature diurnalvariation of afternoon, by which essential thermal energy unstable condition was provided for the gale and strong sandstorm eruption, the strong sandstorm appeared in downstream of -200 m^2s^(-2) center of vertical helicity, the vertical helicity had good instruction significance for development of squall line and landing region of sandstorm, the mesoscale squall line occurred in unstable stratification, basic condition of potential energy transforming as kinetic energy was provided by strong unstable stratification for the strong sandstorm forming and developing.

结果表明：中尺度飑线所伴随的强风暴是产生强沙尘暴的主要原因；500 hPa阶梯短波槽是中尺度飑线产生的大尺度触发系统，河西走廊中西部700 hp变形场、中尺度低压为强沙尘暴形成和维持提供了必要的动力条件；地面冷锋前上升运动与高空急流入口区次级环流的上升气流的叠加，为深对流发展提供了深厚的垂直环流发展条件，是促使飑线发生和沙尘卷起的基本动力；地面热低压的加强和午后气温的日变化加大了冷锋前后的温度和气压梯度，为大风、强沙尘暴爆发提供了必要的热力不稳定条件；强沙尘暴出现在垂直螺旋度为－200平方公尺/s^2中心的下游，垂直螺旋度对飑线的发展和沙尘暴的落区具有较好的指示意义；中尺度飑线发生在不稳定层结内，较强的不稳定层结为强沙尘暴形成、发展提供了位能转化为动能的基本条件。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。