环流的

The approximate structure of nonlinear action of climatic atmosphere and ocean is: the nonlinear action decreases usually with increasing latitude, which is related to the role of the Coriolis force in fluid motion; the nonlinear action changes with the anomalous cyclonic or anticyclonic circulation shear, for instance, when the strength of anomalous eastward zonal circulation is comparable to that of anomalous meridional circulation, the nonlinear action is the strongest; wind stress plus gradient forces enhance the nonlinear action, etc..

气候海洋与大气非线性作用的大致结构是：通常与科里奥利力对流体运动的规范作用有关，非线性作用随纬度增加而减弱。距平流场的切变结构及其沿经向与纬向上强度的比较直接改变气候大气和海洋的非线性作用(比如，向东的距平环流强度与经向环流强度相当时，非线性作用最强)，较强的外部驱动使非线性作用加大等等。

A measuring approach of pressure oscillation has been developed and experiments are conducted in a 10 liter two-dimension air-lift loop reactor. The experimental results show that the local mass transfer parameters have close relationship with the operating conditions, the structure of ALR and the properties of the reaction systems. A series of measurements of pressure pulse indicate that a gas distribution zone exists near the gas sparger, and in this zone the responding signals of pressure pulse are different with the signals measured in other parts of the reactor.

对不同结构的环流反应器的局部流体动力学和传质动力学特性进行了研究，利用压力传感器测量了空气-水、空气-NaCl水溶液、空气-Na〓SO〓水溶液、空气-葡萄糖水溶液和空气-乙醇水溶液五种体系，在不同气速下，不同位置的压力脉动信号，通过随机信号的数学分析，得到压力脉动信号的频谱特性，并依据压力脉动信号的频谱特性的分析给出环流反应器气体分布区的范围。

In this paper, arrangement scheme of a novel multi-star phase shifted pole changing coil was given and the methods to determine coil split ratio were analyzed. According to electromagnetic theory, 2D electromagnetic mathematical model in which stator windings were spitted coil was developed, and magnetic field distribution of the novel motor at starting was solved by finite element method, starting performance of motor was calculated. Based on energy method, rotor slot leakage reactance under different poles and different loads were calculated, and the variation of rotor slot leakage reactance with loads was gotten. Based on time-step finite element method, distribution of branch current in stator windings and operating performance were calculated and analyzed when branch was unbalance, the method to calculate circulating loss in stator windings of novel multi-star phase shifted pole changing motor was given, and the effects of the loads variation and degree of unequilibrium on circulating loss in stator windings were calculated and analyzed.

论文系统的给出了采用分裂线圈法新型多星形移相变极绕组的排列方案，进一步分析线圈分裂比的确定方法；根据电磁场理论，建立了定子为分裂线圈绕组的电机二维电磁场数学模型，并采用场路耦合法求解了新型多星形移相变极电机起动时的磁场分布，计算了电机起动性能和基于能量法计算了不同极数下起动时转子槽漏抗和不同负载时转子槽漏抗，得出转子槽漏抗随负载变化的规律；采用时步有限元法计算分析了定子绕组支路不平衡时支路电流的分布情况及运行性能，给出了新型多星形移相变极电机定子绕组环流损耗的计算方法，分析比较了负载的变化和支路不平衡度大小对定子绕组环流损耗的影响。

The cold Australia land always corresponds to strong Australian High or frequent cold air activities,which is favorable to the formation of strong cross-equatorial flow;The cold underlaying surface to the south of channel always corresponds to weak Walker circulation,which is also favorable to the formation of strong cross-equatorial flow;The warm Indo-China peninsula and cold South China Sea,as well as the strong heat source near the Philippines,all can correspond to strong convergence zone in north hemisphere,which is favorable to the formation of strong cross-equatorial flow.

冷澳洲大陆通常对应强澳高或频繁冷空气活动，其有利于强越赤道气流的形成；通道南部下垫面偏冷通常对应弱Walker环流，其有利于强越赤道气流的形成；偏暖中南半岛下垫面—偏冷南海下垫面、菲律宾附近强热源多对应北半球较强辐合带，它们都有利于强越赤道气流的形成；弱越赤道气流对应的强迫因子及环流因子的特征则与上述相反。

A typical case of polar low occurred on 26 February 1996 over the Sea of Japan is investigated. The analysis exhibits the spatial structures at different stage of this polar low event. At the initial stage of the polar low, the largescale environmental condition is characterized by a strong baroclinic zone in the low-level (below 700 hPa). The upper-level environmental circulation is almost barotropic. At the mature stage, a high IPV anomaly is situated over the surface polar low and a shallow layer of instability overtops the polar low center.

通过对1996年2月26日发生在日本海上的一个典型的极地低压个例的分析，揭示了极地低压在不同阶段的空间结构：在初始阶段，低层（700hPa以下）的大尺度环流场具有明显的斜压结构，而上层环流场基本上是正压的；在成熟阶段，极地低压的地面中心的上方IPV具有正异常，极地低压地面中心之上有一个浅的不稳定层。

Settlement characteristics are studied based on formula of suspended sediment settling velocity and previous research results. Results show that the suspended sediment flux quickly decreases from the Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Although the suspended sediments are primarily transported towards the offshore area, net transport towards the Hangzhou Bay is also found in the study area. The study area is basically located in hydrodynamic balance belt, and the suspended sediment transport is characteristics of reciprocating movement and small amount of net sediment discharge. The net suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by average current transport, Stokes drift-induced transport and gravitational circulation transport. The advection transport effect gradually weakens and gravitational circulation transport evidently intensifies from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Settling velocity of single particles is far smaller than that of floccules, so, influence of flocculation of suspended sediments must be taken into the consideration.

结果表明，研究区净悬沙通量自杭州湾内向外海迅速变小，悬沙总体由杭州湾向外海输运，但同时存在向杭州湾方向的净输沙；研究区基本处于水动力平衡带，悬沙输运具有往复搬运、净输沙量小的特点；平均流输运、Stokes漂移输运和垂向净环流输运是引起悬沙泥沙净输运的主要作用机制，自口门至外海，平流输运作用逐渐减弱，垂向净环流输沙在悬沙净输运中所占比例逐渐增加；舟山群岛海域既是杭州湾向东海输运泥沙的重要通道，也是东海沿岸流携带泥沙向南输运的过渡地带；研究区单颗粒泥沙沉降速度很小，远小于絮凝沉降速度，在研究本区悬沙沉降时必须考虑絮凝的影响。

The study area is basically located in hydrodynamic balance belt, and the suspended sediment transport is characteristics of reciprocating movement and small amount of net sediment discharge. The net suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by average current transport, Stokes drift-induced transport and gravitational circulation transport. The advection transport effect gradually weakens and gravitational circulation transport evidently intensifies from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Settling velocity of single particles is far smaller than that of floccules, so, influence of flocculation of suspended sediments must be taken into the consideration.Incipient velocity and transport flux of surface sediments are analyzed using formulas of incipient velocity and transport flux. Transport trend and controlling factors of surface sediments are studied by the method of grain size trend analysis.

结果表明，研究区净悬沙通量自杭州湾内向外海迅速变小，悬沙总体由杭州湾向外海输运，但同时存在向杭州湾方向的净输沙；研究区基本处于水动力平衡带，悬沙输运具有往复搬运、净输沙量小的特点；平均流输运、Stokes漂移输运和垂向净环流输运是引起悬沙泥沙净输运的主要作用机制，自口门至外海，平流输运作用逐渐减弱，垂向净环流输沙在悬沙净输运中所占比例逐渐增加；舟山群岛海域既是杭州湾向东海输运泥沙的重要通道，也是东海沿岸流携带泥沙向南输运的过渡地带；研究区单颗粒泥沙沉降速度很小，远小于絮凝沉降速度，在研究本区悬沙沉降时必须考虑絮凝的影响。

Corresponding to the long-lasting El Nio event, cyclonic anomalous circulation over the eastern North Pacific weakens slowly and anticyclonic anomalous circulation over the western North Pacific strengthens slowly at 850 hPa. Therefore the tropical Pacific westerly anomaly keeps long. The anomalous positive velocity potential over the western South Pacific at 200 hPa, which is related to the strong Australian winter monsoon, helps a long duration of El Nio. Corresponding to the short-lasting El Nio, the anomalous positive velocity potential over the western Pacific at 200 hPa moves eastward quickly and results in the vanishing of El Nio event.

还发现对于持续时间较长的El Nio事件，东北太平洋上850hPa异常气旋性环流减弱和西北太平洋上异常反气旋性环流增强较慢，因此赤道太平洋异常西风维持的时间也较长，而与澳大利亚冬季风加强相关联的南半球西太平洋的速度势正距平的维持，对El Nio的持续也起一定作用；对应持续时间较短的El Nio事件，西太平洋上200hPa速度势正距平的迅速东移，对El Nio的迅速消亡起重要作用。

Result shows that the MOD is significantly related to the atmospheric features in the previous winter with strong North Atlantic oscillation for early Meiyu onset and v.v..

研究结果表明江淮入梅的早晚与前期冬季北半球大型环流存在显著的相关：入梅早的年份，其前期冬季北大西洋涛动强，北半球只有一个强的极涡并位于格陵兰上空，相应东亚大槽弱；入梅晚的年份，则其前冬环流表现为，北大西洋涛动弱，北半球存在两个极涡，其中一个仍然位于格陵兰上空，而另一个则位于西伯利亚上空，相应东亚大槽较常年偏强。

Result shows that the MOD is significantly related to the atmospheric features in the previous winter with strong North Atlantic Oscillation for early Meiyu onset and v.v..

研究结果表明江淮入梅的早晚与前期冬季北半球大型环流存在显著的相关：入梅早的年份，其前期冬季北大西洋涛动强，北半球只有一个强的极涡并位于格陵兰上空，东亚大槽弱；入梅晚的年份，则其前期冬季环流表现为，北大西洋涛动弱，北半球存在两个极涡，其中一个仍然位于格陵兰上空，而另一个则位于西伯利亚上空，东亚大槽较常年强。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。