环流的

The SSTA of February and August in 1998 had two peaks, while the wind speed reached its maximum minus anomalies in January and August. In order to find the circulation anomaly in the South China Sea, the circulation of 19952000 had been calculated by the ECOM hydrodynamic numerical model. The elevation and circulation of January and August in 1998 indicated that there were great anomaly of elevation and circulation after this El Nio event.(1)In January, the whole South China Sea had positive sea level anomaly and anticyclonic velocity anomaly, so the cyclonic circulation was weaker than normal.(2) In August, the South China Sea had positive sea level anomaly, especially stronger in the east of Vietnam, and cyclonic velocity anomaly in south, anticyclonic velocity in north, especially strong in the east of Vietnam. So the cyclonic gyre in the north and the anticyclonic gyre in the south were both weaker than normal, and an anticyclonic gyre appeared in the east of Vietnam.

为研究南海环流在1997/1998年的异常变化，利用ECOM水动力模型计算了1995—2000年的南海环流场，分析了1998年1月和8月南海水位和环流的异常分布，二者均存在显著的异常：①1月，整个南海海盆为正的水位异常，流场为反气旋异常环流，冬季控制整个南海海盆的气旋式环流减弱；②8月，南海海盆水位为正异常，特别是越南东部海区出现较强的正水位异常，南海南部的高水位中心扩大北移；异常流场表现为南部为气旋式异常环流，北部为反气旋的异常环流，且在越南东部海区形成非常强的反气旋异常环流中心，使得控制南海南部的反气旋环流和北部的气旋环流均减弱。

Monsoon circulation index and Walker circulation index have good relationship with El Ni o weaken and La Nina ended in respectively.

分析发现季风环流强度指数极小值和Walker环流强度指数极大值的出现对SSTA转折均具超前性，因此，季风环流的变化对预报El Ni o减弱或La Nina结束及SSTA变化趋势具有一定的指示意义。

There exists four different parts in local basin thermal circulation: cold downslope wind at nighttime, converctive boudary layer development and cold air lake disappearance in morning, thestrong upslope wind system at noon, and circulation reversal around sunset time.

盆地热力环流存在四个明显的分区，即夜间冷下坡风和冷湖的堆积，清晨对流边界层的发展和冷湖的弥散，正午时分强热力上升环流和日落前后热力环流的逆转。

Then the Hadley circulation in the Eastern Hemisphere is weakened and that in the Western Hemisphere is enhanced, followed with the moment of momentum taken by its ascending branch increased in the Western Hemisphere while weakened in the Eastern Hemisphere. The PNA pattern is enhanced and the Pacific-East Asian teleconnection is weakened. As a result, the atmospheric circulation's response to the ENSO events in the Eastern Hemisphere is weakened and that in the Western Hemisphere is enhanced.

o事件使Walker环流减弱及其上升支东移的现象更明显，Hadley环流在东半球减弱而在西半球增强，由其上升支带至中纬的角动量在东半球减少，西半球增多，造成影响西半球大气环流的PNA型遥相关增强，影响东半球的太平洋-东亚型遥相关减弱，进而使得ENSO对东半球大气环流的影响减弱而对西半球大气环流的影响则有所增强。

The results indicate that the interrelations between the three parameters for kinetic energy of the mean pentad circulation as well as their seasonal and other periodical variations are analogous to, but smaller than,...

结果表明，候平均环流动能三参数的相互关系及其季节变化与瞬时环流的情况相类似，但数量上小于瞬时环流。

Using a one--dimensional differential thermocline model, we simulated the temperature and thermocline of Yellow and Bohai Sea.

本论文建立了黄渤海环流的三维斜压模式，进行了黄渤海三维环流的数值模拟研究，另外，用一个温跃层一维微分模式对黄渤海的温度及跃层现象进行了数值模拟，最后，建立了一个黄渤海温度及环流的数值模式。

Land-sea heating, monsoon circulation, eastern Pacific trade wind and the slow seasonal shift of NE Pacific SST form winter to summer bihemispherically- all in joint action give rise to the enhancement of the Walker circulation that will travel east-and northward (west-and southward); the intensification of the maintained eastern Pacific Hadley circulation and north America-Alatantic Walker circulation zonally is responsible dominantly for the zonal/meridional movement of the WPSH in the winter-to-summer (or summer-to-winter) shift and its combination with the north American subtropical high.

海陆加热、季风环流、东太平洋信风以及东北太平洋海表温度由冬向夏关于赤道南北季节转换的迟缓性等综合作用导致的纬向Walker环流的加强东移和北抬、持续的东太平洋Hadley环流和北美—大西洋纬向Walker环流的加强是西太平洋副高由冬向夏产生东西、南北移动及其与北美副高合并的主要原因。

By using the NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis of daily with the horizontal resolution of 10°×10°(lat./lon. grid), the representative Pacific area (0°～ 60°N, 160°E～120°W) in northern hemisphere summer is chosen to analyse the 3D wind field, according to which the mean meridional circulation of the lower and middle latitudes, especially the Ferrel cell, is studied and a new concept model of Ferrel cell is carried out. Compared with the classical model, the new one describes more precisely the low and high level winds and has the ability to describe how the westerlies sustain on the real rotating Earth.

本文利用1998～2003年的NCEP/NCAR（National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research，美国国家环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心）再分析资料（10°×10°，经/纬度网格），根据北半球夏季（6～8月）太平洋地区（0°～60°N；160°E～120°W）的三维风场的基本特征，分析了北半球夏季太平洋地区平均经圈环流，特别是Ferrel环流的特征，发现Ferrel环流具有与已往研究不同的性质，并在此基础上提出了Ferrel环流新的概念模型，与过去的经典的环流概念模型相比能较好地描述高低空环流的基本特征，同时在考虑地球自转效应下，能够完满地解释中高纬度西风带的维持。

By using the NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis of daily with the horizontal resolution of 1.0°x1.0°(lat./lon. grid), the representative Pacific area (0°~60°N, 160°E~120°W) in northern hemisphere summer (Jun-Jul-Aug) is chosen to analyse the 3-D wind field, according to which the mean meridional circulation of the lower and middle latitudes, especially the Ferrel cell, is studied and a new concept model of Ferrel cell is carried out. Compared with the classical model, the new one describes more precisely the low- and high- level winds and has the ability to describe how the westerlies sustain on the real rotating Earth.

本文利用1998~2003年的NCEP/NCARNational Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research，美国国家环境预报中心／美国国家大气研究中心）再分析资料（1.0°×l.0°，经／纬度网格），根据北半球夏季（6~8月）太平洋地区(0°~60°N； 160°E~120°W的三维风场的基本特征，分析了北半球夏季太平洋地区平均经圈环流，特别是Ferrel环流的特征，发现Ferrel环流具有与已往研究不同的性质，并在此基础上提出了Ferrel环流新的概念模型，与过去的经典的环流概念模型相比能较好地描述高低空环流的基本特征，同时在考虑地球自转效应下，能够完满地解释中高纬度西风带的维持。

Based on the data analysis and numerical simulation, the Arctic sea ice climate variability was researched, the result were as following:(1) The analysis on the seasonal cycle of the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere showed that: The seasonal surface wind is somewhat trade wind like in some regions in the Arctic. The surface air temperature is robustly determined from the underlying environments such as sea ice and Greenland glaciers. In the sea ice region the precipitation rate is larger than that of evaporation. Furthermore, the Arctic Ocean hydrology is profoundly influenced by the surrounding rivers discharge. These are the decisive factors on the ocean salinity pattern. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is larger in winter than in summer. From the 40s in the 20th century on, the ice volume flux has an increasing trend. The Arctic rivers flood season is about the melt period, the winter rivers discharge has a significant increasing. Correlation analysis shows that 7 to 10 years is a characteristic time scale that rivers discharge leads Fram Strait ice volume export.(2) Considering 9 major arctic rivers, the Arctic Ocean circulation was simulated through BOM. The result shows that: The BOM can reproduce the main Arctic Ocean circulation pattern. The"Islandization"which is commonly used in OGCMs to treat the North Pole, not only influences the ocean current near the pole, but also influences the current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, thus the bogus island might influence global climate through thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean.

在资料分析和数值模拟的基础上，对北极海冰的气候变率进行了深入的研究，结果如下：(1)对北极地区大气和海洋季节循环特征的分析表明，气候平均风场在部分地区具有&信风&的性质；而气温场与海冰分布及格陵兰半岛冰原的下垫面特征有密切关系；在北极海冰区的降水量大于蒸发量，并且在全球大洋中北冰洋受到河流径流的影响最大，对北冰洋的盐度分布有决定作用；通过弗瑞姆海峡的海冰通量在冬半年大于夏半年，并且从20世纪40年代起，海冰的体积输送有增加趋势；北极河流的汛期主要在融化季节，冬季的河流流量有显著增加的趋势；相关分析表明7到10年是北极河流流量影响弗瑞姆海峡海冰体积输送的一个特征时间尺度；(2)采用BOM海洋模式对北冰洋海洋环流进行了模拟研究，在模式中考虑了北极9条主要河流的作用，结果表明该海洋模式可以较好模拟出北冰洋海洋环流的基本特征；多数大洋环流模式采用&北极岛化&的方法处理北极点，模拟结果表明&北极岛化&不仅影响到极点附近的海流，还会对相对较远的北大西洋海流造成影响，并可能通过大西洋的热盐环流对全球气候产生影响；(3)采用CSIM4海冰模式对北极海冰的气候态进行了模拟。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了