环流

A typical case of polar low occurred on 26 February 1996 over the Sea of Japan is investigated. The analysis exhibits the spatial structures at different stage of this polar low event. At the initial stage of the polar low, the largescale environmental condition is characterized by a strong baroclinic zone in the low-level (below 700 hPa). The upper-level environmental circulation is almost barotropic. At the mature stage, a high IPV anomaly is situated over the surface polar low and a shallow layer of instability overtops the polar low center.

通过对1996年2月26日发生在日本海上的一个典型的极地低压个例的分析，揭示了极地低压在不同阶段的空间结构：在初始阶段，低层（700hPa以下）的大尺度环流场具有明显的斜压结构，而上层环流场基本上是正压的；在成熟阶段，极地低压的地面中心的上方IPV具有正异常，极地低压地面中心之上有一个浅的不稳定层。

It seems to be completed throngh the influence of the marine anomaly heat transfer from Equatorial Eastern Pacific on the Hadley circulation and the westerlies in No...

同时指出，这种影响可能是通过赤道东太平洋海洋对大气的异常加热、对北半球冬季Hadley环流和中纬度西风环流型的影响来实现的。

The weather of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is greatly impacted by the emergence of the Ferrel cell, which is resulted from the lifting effect of Tibetan Plateau and the southward anomaly of the Hadley cell.

青藏高原的抬升作用与Hadley环流偏南导致Ferrel环流的生成、加强对云贵高原的天气有重大的影响。

Settlement characteristics are studied based on formula of suspended sediment settling velocity and previous research results. Results show that the suspended sediment flux quickly decreases from the Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Although the suspended sediments are primarily transported towards the offshore area, net transport towards the Hangzhou Bay is also found in the study area. The study area is basically located in hydrodynamic balance belt, and the suspended sediment transport is characteristics of reciprocating movement and small amount of net sediment discharge. The net suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by average current transport, Stokes drift-induced transport and gravitational circulation transport. The advection transport effect gradually weakens and gravitational circulation transport evidently intensifies from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Settling velocity of single particles is far smaller than that of floccules, so, influence of flocculation of suspended sediments must be taken into the consideration.

结果表明，研究区净悬沙通量自杭州湾内向外海迅速变小，悬沙总体由杭州湾向外海输运，但同时存在向杭州湾方向的净输沙；研究区基本处于水动力平衡带，悬沙输运具有往复搬运、净输沙量小的特点；平均流输运、Stokes漂移输运和垂向净环流输运是引起悬沙泥沙净输运的主要作用机制，自口门至外海，平流输运作用逐渐减弱，垂向净环流输沙在悬沙净输运中所占比例逐渐增加；舟山群岛海域既是杭州湾向东海输运泥沙的重要通道，也是东海沿岸流携带泥沙向南输运的过渡地带；研究区单颗粒泥沙沉降速度很小，远小于絮凝沉降速度，在研究本区悬沙沉降时必须考虑絮凝的影响。

The study area is basically located in hydrodynamic balance belt, and the suspended sediment transport is characteristics of reciprocating movement and small amount of net sediment discharge. The net suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by average current transport, Stokes drift-induced transport and gravitational circulation transport. The advection transport effect gradually weakens and gravitational circulation transport evidently intensifies from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Settling velocity of single particles is far smaller than that of floccules, so, influence of flocculation of suspended sediments must be taken into the consideration.Incipient velocity and transport flux of surface sediments are analyzed using formulas of incipient velocity and transport flux. Transport trend and controlling factors of surface sediments are studied by the method of grain size trend analysis.

结果表明，研究区净悬沙通量自杭州湾内向外海迅速变小，悬沙总体由杭州湾向外海输运，但同时存在向杭州湾方向的净输沙；研究区基本处于水动力平衡带，悬沙输运具有往复搬运、净输沙量小的特点；平均流输运、Stokes漂移输运和垂向净环流输运是引起悬沙泥沙净输运的主要作用机制，自口门至外海，平流输运作用逐渐减弱，垂向净环流输沙在悬沙净输运中所占比例逐渐增加；舟山群岛海域既是杭州湾向东海输运泥沙的重要通道，也是东海沿岸流携带泥沙向南输运的过渡地带；研究区单颗粒泥沙沉降速度很小，远小于絮凝沉降速度，在研究本区悬沙沉降时必须考虑絮凝的影响。

The rest floats; much of it ends up in gyres and the massive garbage patches that form there, with some plastic eventually washing up on a distant shore.

其余的就漂在海面上；其中不少塑料最终进入环流及在环流中形成的大型垃圾带，有一些塑料最后会被冲到一处遥远的海滩上。

The main conclusions are those:(1) the cause of hot-dry climate before elevation of plateau is that the efficiency of atmospheric heat engine is lower than after the elevation owing to flatter global landform;(2) at the beginning of Oligocene Epoch,the horizontal scale of plateau reached the cr...

主要结论：（1）高原隆起前的干热气候是由于隆起前全球地势平坦，致使大气热机效率很低之故；（2）渐新世初高原的水平尺度达到了斜压大气地转适应的临界尺度，大气环流从南北两极&两涡对峙&突变成地球三极的&三涡鼎立&，气候发生突变；（3）分析了2.5Ma时高原抬升到2000m这一重要临界高度后大气环流的一系列相应变化；（4）计算、比较了最大冰期地气系统能量平衡与现代的差异，并由此分析了当时的气候状况

A numerical simulation technique is adopted to draw the surface projection map and its isograms of the pH values in the precipitation over Jiangxi Province.

采用数字模拟技术，绘制了江西省降雨pH值曲面投影图及其等值线图，发现江西省在南昌-鹰潭-临川-吉安-赣州一线形成南北方向的&r&字形的严重酸雨带，并指出这条严重酸雨带的走向与信风环流圈和副热带高压带纬向环流一致。

The averaged onset time is the 28th pentad (72 pentads/year) for the EAM and the 32nd pentads for the INM coincided with the results obtained from the 15-year mean wind and geopotential fields. During the 15-year period, the early onset years are 1984,1994 and 1996 and the late onset years are 1982,1985,1987,1991 and 1993 in the EAM region.

结果表明，IWH是一个能够反映亚洲热带夏季风环流主要特征、适合用于确定季风建立迟早的指数；在1982～1996年期间，在东亚季风区，热带季风建立较早（比平均情况早2候或以上）的年份有1984、1994和1996年，建立较迟的年份有1982、1985、1987、1991和1993年；东亚热带季风建立时间的年际变化（标准差为2.3候）比印度季风大，反映东亚季风区环流变化较印度季风区更为复杂。

The results show that:① The onset of the cell of summer monsoon circulation over East Asia is nearly 5 pentads earlier than that over South Asia, while the withdrawing of the summer monsoon from the mainland of China is about 5 pentads later than its withdrawing from Indian continent;② The East Asian summer monsoon undergoes two stages of continuous e...

结果表明：①东亚地区夏季风环流圈的建立比南亚地区夏季风环流圈的建立大约早5个候。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。