环流

All of the synoptic circulation conditions were the important reasons that make the subtropical high not shift normally northward for the summer of 1997 and 1999. As a result, the rain belt resorted to the south of the Yangtze River Valley and the drought happened over the North.

这些天气尺度环流条件，是造成1997和1999年夏季副高不能正常西伸和北上，继而中国东部雨带长时间滞留在长江流域以南地区；北方地区发生严重干旱的重要原因。

Thanks to the western Pacific subtropical high, connecting the mid-latitude with the low-latitude circulation; meanwhile, its location and intensity obviously impact on the rain belt, storm rainfall, dryness-wetness, and typhoon track of China, studying the evolution law of the western Pacific subtropical high, has very important theoretic and realistic significance.

由于副热带高压中的西太平洋副热带高压是连接东亚地区中低纬环流系统的纽带，且其位置、强度如何直接对我国的雨带、暴雨、早涝以及台风路径等产生十分重要的影响，因此对副热带高压，尤其是西太平洋副热带高压变异规律的研究具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。

Different kinds of wind-driven currents are examined.

探讨了由不同结构风场产生风生环流。

The results show:(1) The meteorological environment over the Beijing area is complex, which is controlled mainly by the combined influence of the mountain valley wind circulation cycling day and night, the urban heat island circulation, and large scale system.

数值模拟结果表明：(1 )北京地区的气象环境很复杂，其主要特点是受昼夜循环的山谷风气流、城市热岛环流以及大尺度系统共同影响。

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In the experiment focused on decadal changes, GCMs reproduce the observed NAO shifts in recent decades by imposing strengthening trends on stratospheric wind. The cooling belt extending from North Africa to subtropical Eurasia is simulated accompanying the strengthening of NAO. East end of this cooling belt reaches the eastern flank of Tibetan Plateau.

在强调年代际变化的实验中，通过在平流层中强迫出水平风场的线性增强趋势，大气环流模式可以模拟出近几十年间冬季NAO指数的年代际上升；伴随着NAO正位相的增强，模式可以再现北非至副热带欧亚大陆的冷却带，且其东端可以到达青藏高原下游地区。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了&锚定&的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

The construction of the solution space for shallow-water equations on the equatorialβ?plane and the equations about the tropical circulation to heating are mainly studied. The solution method of exact solution in the analytic function class and the computational procedure to the series solution are expressed for the well-posed problem.

平面近似的浅水方程组和热源强迫的热带环流方程组，重点研究了它们的解空间构造，并给出了各种适定的定解问题在解析函数类空间中准确解的具体的求解方法，并编制程序去计算其级数解。

In the following, the paper studies the formation mechanism of the well-mixed warm water column in the central Bohai Sea in summer.

在成功模拟渤、黄海温度季节变化的基础上，初步分析了渤、黄海区环流场的季节变化特征。

Cold water belts between well-mixed and stratified regions are simulated by the model.

模拟结果表明，在层化与混合区之间存在冷水带，它位于潮锋的混合侧，并与表底温度差为1～2℃的等值线位置相吻合，这一冷水带主要是由以下两种机制来维持的：1）锋面产生的截锋面方向上的环流，把位于层化侧下层的低温水卷挟到海表层；2）风和潮共同产生的混合作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。