环流

A computer-aided local transient flow property measuring system was developed using a high speed CCD camera coupled with optical fibers in order to study the Gas-liquid-solid three-phase jet loop reactors. SnO2 crystal films were orientally deposited on the alkoxysilane molecule-coated hydroxyl glass substrates so as to prepare surface-marked particles as the tracers. An image analysis system was established to identify different phases. Stroboscopic photography was utilized to extend the measure range. The developed measuring and analysis system was capable of determining accurately the local transient flow property in a G-L-S jet loop reactor. Based on the above system, local transient flow properties of gas, liquid, and solid phase were measured and studied the influences of fluid property, operation and configuration parameters on the reactor.

以气液固三相喷射环流反应器为研究对象，将高速CCD和光纤束耦合制成局部瞬态流动特性微机数据采集及图象处理系统，利用MPS硅烷分子在带有羟基的玻璃基底上的自组装引导SnO2晶态膜层在功能化表面上进行沉积，以获得表面标记的示踪粒子，解决图象处理技术与相的识别的问题，利用频闪技术拓展了测量上限，得到可以准确测定气液固三相喷射环流反应器中局部瞬态流动特性的测试系统；采用上述测试技术进行喷射环流反应器中局部气相、液相与固相瞬态流动特性的实验研究，并考察物性参数、操作参数与结构参数的影响规律。

Using a one--dimensional differential thermocline model, we simulated the temperature and thermocline of Yellow and Bohai Sea.

本论文建立了黄渤海环流的三维斜压模式，进行了黄渤海三维环流的数值模拟研究，另外，用一个温跃层一维微分模式对黄渤海的温度及跃层现象进行了数值模拟，最后，建立了一个黄渤海温度及环流的数值模式。

The results show that there are many differences in the static characteristics of the rotor in large gap annular flow and that in bearings and seals, and the wall friction coefficient changes circumferentially. The results also show that the wall roughness and the eccentricity ratio have considerable effects on the static characteristics in large gap annular flow.

实例计算结果表明：大间隙环流中转子与以灿承和密封为代表的小间隙环流中转子的静特性有很大同；壁面摩擦系数沿周向变化，同时转子和静子壁面粗糙度以及偏心率对大间隙环流中转子静特性有较大的影响。

A computer-aided local transient flow property measuring system was developed using a high speed CCD camera coupled with optical fibers in order to study the Gas-liquid-solid three-phase jet loop reactors. SnO2 crystal films were orientally deposited on the alkoxysilane molecule-coated hydroxyl glass substrates so as to prepare surface-marked particles as the tracers. An image analysis system was established to identify different phases. Stroboscopic photography was utilized to extend the measure range. The developed measuring and analysis system was capable of determining accurately the local transient flow property in a G-L-S jet loop reactor. Based on the above system, local transient flow properties of gas, liquid, and solid phase were measured and studied the influences of fluid property, operation and configuration parameters on the reactor.

中文摘要：以气液固三相喷射环流反应器为研究对象，将高速CCD和光纤束耦合制成局部瞬态流动特性微机数据采集及图象处理系统，利用MPS硅烷分子在带有羟基的玻璃基底上的自组装引导SnO2晶态膜层在功能化表面上进行沉积，以获得表面标记的示踪粒子，解决图象处理技术与相的识别的问题，利用频闪技术拓展了测量上限，得到可以准确测定气液固三相喷射环流反应器中局部瞬态流动特性的测试系统；采用上述测试技术进行喷射环流反应器中局部气相、液相与固相瞬态流动特性的实验研究，并考察物性参数、操作参数与结构参数的影响规律。

Anomalous anticyclone at the upper level is form in response to the enhanced convective heating off the equator, resulting in increased geopotential height and temperature over the Tibetan Plateau and in favor of the early BOB seasonal transition. Another effect of Positive SST anomalies over the Warm Pool is to induce anomalously strong zonal monsoon circulation. The anomalous zonal monsoon circulation strengths the southerlies in upper levels due to Coriolis force. Thus the enhanced warm meridional advection in connection with the warming over the Tibetan Plateau lead to early seasonal transition over the BOB region.

高空大气通过热力适应过程对这种异常对流加热的响应是产生异常反气旋环流，则高原上空的位势高度偏高，温度偏高，引起季节转换偏早；暖池海温异常偏高的另一作用是，它激发出异常强的季风纬向环流，在高层，季风纬向环流受到柯氏力作用又使得南风加强，导致孟加拉湾东部地区经向暖平流及其北部下沉增温加强，加速了孟加拉湾季节转换进程。

Enhanced Ferrel cell and Hadley cell manifest themselves in mean meridional circulation anomaly in consistent with AO symmetric mode both in wintertime and summertime, which is in favor of the positive feedback of AO and thus the maintenance of AO mode.

与冬、夏季北极涛动纬向对称型相对应的平均经圈环流异常均表现为增强的费雷尔环流和哈得来环流，这种形势有利於北极涛动形成正反馈机制，使之得以长期维持。

Based on the results of investigation on fermentation properties of citric acid, xanthem gum and Bt in ALRs enhanced by means of K, H and X-type static mixing elements, large-scale fermenters with the several static mixing elements have been designed.

在实验室分别对K型和H型环流反应器进行了强化柠檬酸发酵和黄原胶发酵研究和对R型和X型及O型环流反应器进行了对比Bt发酵研究的基础上，已分别设计出工业规模的高效气升式环流生物反应器。

Asian summer monsoon, one of the earth′s most energetic weather events, undoubtedly plays a key role in the variability of the general circulation. In this paper, through both calculation for the correlation coefficients between the monsoon indices and the geopotential height and the anomalous composite of the strong or weak ASM pentads, it is shown that the activity of the ASM...

本文通过夏季风指数与北半球环流的相关计算以及强、弱季风候北半球环流异常合成的分析发现，亚洲夏季风的活动会激发北半球夏季大气环流遥相关型，其主要相关中心均出现在季风区的下游地区，即从亚洲经太平洋至北美洲一带，除了表现出正负中心交替出现的波列状结构外，该遥相关型在太平洋地区还表现为一对南北向的偶极子异常型，我们将这一遥相关型称为亚洲太平洋北美型

In order to describe in detail the structure of mesoscale atmosphere circulation and its evolution, symmetry theory are extensively used in the past fifty years. A large number of wind tunnel and water tank experiments are practiced to reshow the physical process that often appear in the atmosphere and, to some extent, successfully explain many atmsophere circulation characters in surface layer. But because of the planetary reflection and small Re number deformation, these physical experiments can' t represent real conditions of the atmosphere, they also can' t distinct viscous boundary layer separation and non-viscous dynamical separation as well as show the circulation response to surface diurnal heating.

为了详细描述复杂地形区域大气中尺度环流的结构和特征，过去50年来人们广泛采用相似理论，利用风洞和水槽实验再现大气中的物理过程，并在一定程度上成功地给出了大气近地层的一些环流特征，然而由于边界层反射和小Re数形变作用的影响，物理实验的结果并不能真实地再现大气中的实际状况，尤其是不能正确区别边界粘性分离流场和大气非粘性动力分离气流，环流场对地形下垫面日周期热强迫的响应过程也难以再现。

Then the circumfluence R.M.S. compensation method is certified as the circumfluence suppressing scheme after the analysis of the current-averaging and circumfluence suppressing theory.Results of the algorithm validation for this parallel control scheme are also included.

此后建立了逆变器并联系统的数学模型，在对该系统分析负载电流均分原理和环流抑制原理的基础上，确立将环流有效值补偿波形调制比作为环流抑制策略，对该并联控制策略给出了算法验证结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。