环流

The results showed that at different position of 500 hPa pressure ridge in April, the meridional circulation was abnormal, the spatial distribution of height field and wind field anomaly and the vertical distribution of height and temperature anomaly of east and west had significant difference with 65°E as boundary.

结果表明，4月500 hPa高压脊的不同位置，经向环流异常、高度场和风场的距平空间分布，及高度和温度的距平垂直分布以65°E为界，东西差异显著。

The warm high ridge in mid-and-lower troposphere over North China, the pressure ridge over Okhotsk sea and the western Pacific subtropical high are major circulation system influencing summer climate anomaly in North China.

2华北地区上空对流层中下层发生的暖高压、鄂霍兹克海地区的高压脊和西太平副热带高压是影响华北地区夏季气候变异的主要环流系统。

The pressure ridge partly moved to southeast, it led to the cold air stream more moved to southeast, and the strong cold wave broke out. The water vapor from Caspian sea to Bslkhash lake accumulated at the upper of north Xinjiang, and it provided the water vapor condition for the cold wave. The ECMWF numerical forecast product accurately predicted the evolution trend of circulation (the position, intensity, path and speed of ground surface cold high pressure) of height field in this cold wave process. The predicted temperature at 850 hPa had good corresponding relation with the actual lowest temperature.

高压脊部分东南垮，导致强冷空气大举东南下，强寒潮天气暴发；里海到巴尔喀什湖的水汽在北疆上空聚积，为这次寒潮天气提供了水汽条件；ECMWF数值预报产品在这次强寒潮天气过程中准确的预报了高度场的环流场演变趋势，地面冷高压的位置、强度、路径和移速；850 hPa格点温度预报值与最低温度实况值具有很好的对应关系。

In this thesis, the barotropic primitive equation under the rectangular coordinate system and atmospheric circulation equation under p coordinate system are.

从正压原始方程开始，运用分层理论研究大气环流方程组定解问题的适定性，以及适定的定解问题(包括初值问题、边值问题和混合问题)在解析函数类空间准确解的求解方法。

Based on stratification theory, begin with the barotropic primitive equation, some theoretical problems of atmospheric equations are discussed, including the well posedness of their initial value problem, boundary value problem and mixed problem.

摘要从正压原始方程开始，运用分层理论研究大气环流方程组定解问题的适定性，以及适定的定解问题(包括初值问题、边值问题和混合问题)在解析函数类空间准确解的求解方法。

He also extended quasi-geostrophic non-acceleration theorem to primitive equation non-acceleration theorem.

他在国际上首创湿倾斜涡度发展理论和全型垂直涡度方程，成功地揭示青藏高原西南涡和夏季江淮流域的暴雨发展机理，揭示副热带高压形态变异的成因；证明创新的原始方程中的无加速定理以及大气运动的动力强迫和热力强迫的调配率；开展创新性气候动力研究，揭示中高纬和热带海气相互作用差异的机理及厄尔尼诺影响台风频率的机制，继承和发展了我国学者关于青藏高原对大气环流和天气气候影响的研究；在国际上首次把亚洲季风爆发分为三个阶段，证明由于中高纬度的强地转性和斜压性使其海气相互作用的特征与热带显著不同；首次用数值模式提出厄尔尼诺影响台风的机制，得到国际上的高度评价。

The established models in which annual precipitation was incorporated as the principal variable indicate a very closely correlation between forest productivity and its corresponding climatic factors,allowing to simulate distribution pattern of actual forest productivity effectiv...

结果表明：在所构建的模型中，除海拔高度与净生产力的相关模型外，其它模型均有较高的实用价值，模型的拟合曲线变化，基本反映了中国森林现实生产力的地理分布格局；中国森林生产力的分布格局主要取决于气候环境中的水热条件，水分条件是决定中国大部分地区森林生产力水平和地理分布格局的主导因素；根据7个GCMs大气环流模型预测合成的2030年的气候情景，研究气候变化对中国森林生产力影响的结果是：气候变化并没有改变中国森林第一性生产力的地理分布格局，即从东南向西北森林生产力递减趋势不变，但不同地域的森林生产力有不同程度的增加。

It is to get a maximum flow with the source flow and the terminal flow being proportionable to solve the circulation problem.

环流问题实质上是一种带增益的一般网络最大流问题，它要求特定的源点和汇点的流量成一定的比例关系。

The operating principle of a novel push-pull forward converter is introduced.

介绍了一种新型推挽正激电路的工作原理，对环流过程进行了透彻分析，分析了箝位电容和变压器原边漏感对电路工作的影响。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了"锚定"的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。