环流

The circulation of the free atmosphere is predominantly zonal and only to a slight extent meridional.

自由大气中环流主要是纬向的，经向性很弱。

The impacts of SSTA on the onset of SCS summer monsoon can be achieved by restricting zonal and meridional cell.

海温异常对南海夏季风的影响可以通过制约纬圈和经圈环流而达到。

The features and developing trend of jet-wake flow and secondary circulation were analyzed by velocity and pressure field in meridional planes.

借助弦向截面的速度、压力场分布情况研究了射流－尾流特征以及二次环流的产生和发展趋势。

But the features are contrary in easterlies.The instability growth rate of the basic flow including meridional circulati...

含有经圈环流的基流的不稳定增长率随波数变化特征与纯纬向基流的情况有着显著的不同。

Based on the above researches, a method of generation of special ensemble perturbation for weather regime transition is studied.

进而在此基础上，针对天气环流转型的预报，研究了特殊的集合扰动产生方法。

As a whole,the notable characteristic of primary productivity in size-fractioned structure was that nanoplankton occupied comparatively significant advantage in Beibu Gulf.Nanoplankton has the largest contribution to gross primary productivity,and picoplankton was the secondary contributor,while microplankton the least.The contribution of microplankton for primary productivity in the north Gulf was more than that in the other waters.Nanoplankton and picoplankton contribute more to the gross primary productivity in offshore deep waters than in inshore shallow waters3.The Beibu Gulf can be divided into three ecoregions:Region-Ⅰis the ecoregion in inshore shallow waters of the north Gulf.In average,the water depth is 18m,DIN is 1.88μmol/L,DIP is 0.20μmol/L,N:P is 9.4:1,dissolved silicate is 5.17μmol/L,the Chl a conentration in surface layer is 2.27mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index in surface layer is 3.80mg/,the primary productivity is 198.78mgC/(m~2·d), and potential fishery production is estimated to be 0.24gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion is mainly affected by the northern coastal water systems,and may be fit for aquaculture;Region-Ⅱis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the north Gulf and the coastal shallow waters to the west Hainan Island.In average,the water depth is 35m,DIN is 2.01μmol/L,DIP is 0.18μmol/L,N:P is 11.2:1,disovled silicate is 4.23μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 1.45mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer is 4.12 mg/,the primary productivity is 276.60mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.34gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity. The ecoregion was mainly influenced by ocean current from the South China Sea, rivers in the west coast of Hainan Island and the water from Qiongzhou Strait.It may be fit for aquaculture and fishery;Region-Ⅲis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the mid and south Gulf.In average,the water depth is 75m,DIN is 0.77μmol/L, DIP is 0.15μmol/L,N:P is 5.1:1,disovled silicate is 3.05μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 0.70mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer averaged is 3.69mg/,the primary productivity is 350.89mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.43gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion was mainly affected by the circulation inside Beibu Gulf, and may be fit for fishery.

初级生产力的粒级结构的一个显著特点是总体上微型浮游生物在全调查海区均占较明显优势，对总初级生产力的平均贡献最大；微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献次之；小型浮游生物对总初级生产力的平均贡献最小；湾北部小型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾中部和湾南部，而湾中部和湾南部微型和微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾北部，远岸深水区高于近岸浅水区。3、北部湾可以分为三个生态区：湾北部近岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深19m，DIN浓度平均值为1.88μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.20μmol/L，N：P为9.4：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为5.17μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值高达2.27 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.80 mg/，初级生产力平均值198.78mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.24 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受湾北部沿岸水系影响，适合作为水产养殖区；湾北部深水区和海南岛西部沿岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深35m，DIN浓度平均值为2.01μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.18μmol/L，N：P为11.2：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为4.23μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值1.45 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为4.12mg/，初级生产力平均值276.60 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.34 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受南部湾口区海流向湾内延伸，沿岸海南岛河流注入湾内和琼州海峡过道水的影响，适合作为渔业作业区和水产养殖区；湾中部和南部远岸深水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深75m，DIN浓度平均值为0.77μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.15μmol/L，N：P为5.1：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为3.05μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值0.70 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.69 mg/，初级生产力平均值350.89 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.43 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受北部湾环流影响，适合作为渔业作业区。

It is also shown that one of the most important reasons of the heavy rain amplification is the cold air which spreads to south from midlatitude in the lower troposphere and transports into the typhoon low pressure. The study of PV on isentropic surface shows the active state of the midlatitude cold air. The tropopause folding, which means that high PV spreads downward from the upper troposphere or stratosphere, helps the releasing of potential instability energy and the development of rainstorm.

分析表明：对流层低层中高纬度冷空气扩散南下在台风低压环流区附近的"侵入"作用是此次特大暴雨过程的最重要的原因之一；等熵面位涡的分析进一步说明了中高纬地区冷空气的活动状况；对流层高层或平流层低层高位涡的下传有利于位势不稳定能量的释放，使得暴雨增幅。

Dry, cold air is induced reaction of transformation.6vertical wind shearIS a important role 7 the interaction stage of tropical cyclone with a midlatitude baroclinic zone was an essentialcomponent.

垂直风切变相互作用是激发热带气旋的变性不可获缺的条件(7)热带风暴和中纬度斜压带相互作用是变性的必要条件：只有减弱的热带风暴嵌入先前存在的中纬度斜压带，才能完成正压向斜压的转变。正是热带气旋环流和斜压带和垂直风切变相互作用激发了热带气旋的变性。

The mixed problem with lower bound for dry inviscid atmospheric circulation equations is discussed.

该文针对干的无粘大气环流方程组的混合问题，讨论其底部边界的混合问题。

East Asian Monsoon is a component part of the General Circulation.

东亚季风系统是全球大气环流的一个组成部分。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。