环境生态学

We put forward the introductive research between the human activities and the diversity of species and the results obtained in the paper is useful to enrich the content of landscape ecology and the protection of endangered species.

本文的创新在于：提出了栖息地增加对物种多度影响的模式、生境重叠的模式以及物种和环境之间相互作用(即环境容量的变化对物种多度的影响)的模式；开展了人类活动与物种多样性的初步研究，对丰富景观生态学和物种多样性的保护具有一定的学术意义和应用价值。

Ecology is about the favorable relationship among lives-form and favorable relationship between life-form and the environment.

生态的原始含义指的是生物与生物及生物与环境之间的良性互动关系，生态学是研究有机体或有机群体与其周围环境关系的科学。

The northern slope of Changbai Mountain where there is not only a high diversity in vegetation types and species, but also high variation of diversity pattern along the altitude gradient.

不同物种沿海拔梯度的连续或间断分布，不仅反映了环境随海拔的变化规律，同时也反映了物种的生物学、生态学特性、分布状况及对环境的适应性。

Basing on the carefully analysis of the theoretical technoledge project practice in domestic and foreign open pit coal mines,applying the theory such as ecology mining penology farming and forestry the conservation of soil and water ,and environmental project etc.

本文在认真分析、总结国内外露大煤矿土地复垦的理论和工程实践的基础上，应用生态学、农林学、土壤学、采矿学、水土保持、环境工程等多门学科的理论，详细论述了露天煤炭开采对区域环境的影响，提出了应用生态系统的演变规律来指导露天煤矿的土地复垦，从而实现了把复垦区水土保持和土地最终利用方向有机结合。

Modern approach methods of geography, ecology, quantitative analysis, expert integration, remote sensing image analysis and geographical information system were combined to reveal the matters in this paper. The eco-geographical background of the research area and the research work studied by other scholars were comprehensively expatiated. The temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and soil moisture, vegetation and soil distribution, and land use/land cover were compared as well. On the basis of foregoing analysis, the eco-geographical differentiation was discussed. According to principles and indicators, with extension engineering method and integrated analysis, the physical geography boundary between subhumid and semiarid areas were demarcated. By using remote sensing image analysis, wavelet analysis of the perennial precipitation and temperature, and the comparison of temporal and spatial variation of the desertification, this paper accounted for the regional response to global environmental change and suggested the dominant environmental problems.

本文采用了地理学与生态学相结合、定量分析与专家集成相结合、遥感图像解译和地理信息系统相结合的方法，对研究区的生态地理背景和已有研究工作进展情况给予了全面的分析和阐述；通过对区域水分条件（大气降水、土壤水分条件）、植被、土壤、土地利用／土地覆被状况等环境要素的时间与空间特征的对比分析，探讨了研究区内部生态地理特征的差异；在一定的原则指导下，通过建立指标体系，以可拓工程方法和模型为支撑，经过综合分析确定了研究区内半湿润、半干旱区界线划分方案；通过遥感图像解译、典型站点多年降水与温度的小波分析、土地沙漠化时空变化的对比分析等，说明了研究区域对全球变化的响应；表明了该区域所面临的主要环境问题。

Autecology The study of the interactions of an individual organism or a single species with the living and nonliving components of its environment.

个体生态学：研究单个生物体或一个物种与生物环境或非生物环境之间关系的一门学科。

ABSTRACT This dissertation, based on the theories of geography, ecology, economics, sociology and environmental sciences, has analyzed the impact of transition between cultivation and pasture animal husbandry on the mechanism of desertification in Kerqin Sandy Region, of which behavior mechanism of local people was emphasized. The changing direction of integrated land desertification control strategy in semi-arid regions was discussed after having explored the primary reasons of estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering. Followings are the main research works having been done.

本文选取科尔沁沙地作为研究区域，以两种最主要的土地利用方式、也是两种最主要的生产方式——农、牧业作为研究对象，依据地理学、生态学、经济学、社会学与环境科学的基本理论与方法，基于现有研究资料的系统整合，结合野外调查的结果，从更加综合的角度，来研究农、牧业选择变化对沙漠化过程的影响机理，从农、牧业选择变化的角度来揭示&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&的本质，进而寻求中国北方半干旱地区生态环境综合整治的对策。

EMAN is dedicated to protection of Canada's environment and natural heritage, carries out weather and environmental prediction.

加拿大环境署生态学监测和评估网络致力于加拿大的环境和自然资源保护，进行天气和环境预报。

As two most important contaminants, heavy metal that can't be biodegraded and PAHs that typify carcinogenicity have not only brought severe ecocatastrophes in many developed countries, but also caused an ecocrisis in most developing countries.

不能降解的重金属和具有致癌性的多环芳烃是水体和沉积环境中尤为重要的两类污染物，不仅在发达国家已经引起过严重的生态学灾难，在发展中国家也日益成为环境危机。

As two most important contaminants, heavy metal that cant be biodegraded and PAHs that typify carcinogenicity have not only brought severe ecocatastrophes in many developed countries, but also caused an ecocrisis in most developing countries.

不能降解的重金属和具有致癌性的多环芳烃是水体和沉积环境中尤为重要的两类污染物，不仅在发达国家已经引起过严重的生态学灾难，在发展中国家也日益成为环境危机。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。