环境温度

On the control strategy of liquid temperature, devoleping precompensation PIDstrategy was adopted based on the previous works. Considering the whole system, weadapt Linux OS that is steady than the MCU. It can complete the experiment by manypeople and many PC through the net. The system used Linux operation system based onthe ARM9 as the real-time kernel and the nether application software developmentenvironment. So it\'s easy to extend and maintain the system.

在实验温度控制上，详细分析了多种控制方案的优缺点，在改进前人的控制算法基础上选取了改进的分阶段预补偿PID控制技术，实现了温度的精确控制；从整个系统的需求出发，采用了比单片机更稳定的Linux操作系统，通过网络使得多人多机能够参与到实验中，更好的完成了杂交实验，实现了全系统的优化；在软件开发时选用了基于ARM9的Linux操作系统作为实时内核和下位机软件开发环境，极大地方便了系统的扩展和维护。

The conclusions are showed as followed:1. This paper demonstrated that microbe adapt better to the environment of system and have better fastness when the organic loading is variational as soon as the reaction is startuped naturally;2. Considering the relation between the activity of microorganism and temperature and taking energy into account, the reaction is runed in 24?

所得的结论如下：一、通过试验证实，采用自然挂膜启动酸化反应装置，生物膜对反应器内的环境适应能力较强，具有较强的抗负荷冲击能力；二、结合微生物活性与温度关系，并以低能耗为原则，确定反应装置运行温度为(24±1)℃；三、结合TTC-比脱氢酶活性与pH值关系，在试验研究过程中加入异波折板高效水解酸化废水处理技术的初步研究碳酸钠溶液，提高反应装置内废水的碱度，增强系统的缓冲能力。

Both absolute intensity method and Boltzmann diagram method are used to obtain the excitation temperature of plasma jet.Thus a thermometric method for low-pressure arc-plasma is presented.

笔者在真空环境中，用以氩气为工质的电弧加热发动机的射流为低压等离子体源，建立了光谱测温实验系统，分别采用绝对强度法和波尔兹曼图法得到了射流的激发温度，从而给出了一种测量低气压下电弧等离子体射流温度的方法。

Based on a computing model of floor heating residences, indoor thermal environment and heat distribution under the effect of heat charge/discharge, operation control and solar radiation has been concluded. Concept and formula of equivalent heat supply has been put forward which indicate that actual heat supply will be equal to the sum of design heat supply and equivalent heat supply. Recommend coefficient has been given taken Dalian as an example. Computed according to the new method, design heat supply can be reduced to 37% in cloudy day and 43.3% in sunny day, energy saving effect is very obvious. In Tromb wall solar house, effect of concrete wall on indoor temperature swing and attenuation of temperature wave is very obvious. While the outdoor air-temperature swing exceeds 10℃, indoor air-temperature swing belows 3℃. In the experiment, maximal difference in temperature between inner surface and outer surface of the 300mm wall exceeded 10℃. Heat storage and collector efficiency varies adversely according to solar radiation. Factors such as thickness, material, absorptance of the wall and permeation of the glass cover all have big influence on heat storage and collector efficiency. There exsisted an optimal thickness of the wall, which can make the best of heat storage and collector efficiency. Most of the heat stored in conventional Trombe wall during the daytime has been lost to the outside at night without heat preservation. Heat preservation on the outside surface of the wall has effectively improved heat release performance of the wall at night, heat supply to the room has increased too.

通过建立的地板采暖系统动态热性能分析模型，得出了在蓄放热特性、运行方式和太阳辐射等因素耦合作用下的室内热环境及热量分配比例，提出了等效供热量的概念及计算公式，指出实际所需供热量应等于设计供热量加上等效供热量，并以大连为例，给出了等效供热量的修正系数，以新方法计算，阴天可减少设计供热量37％，晴天最大可以减少设计供热量43.3％，节能效果显著；集热蓄热墙式太阳房中，混凝土蓄热墙的室温均一化效果和对温度波的削减作用非常明显，当室外温度波动最大幅度超过10℃时，室温波幅不超过3℃，实验中300mm厚墙体内外表面温差超过10℃；墙体蓄热效率与集热效率随太阳辐射照度的变化呈相反的变化趋势；墙体厚度、材料、表面吸收率以及盖板透过率等因素对集热和蓄热效率均有较大的影响，存在一个最佳的墙体厚度值，使得墙体集热和蓄热综合性能最优；传统的蓄热墙夜间没有外保温，辐射散热损失很大，研究表明墙体外保温方式明显改善了蓄热墙夜间的散热性能，增加了向室内的供热量。

The experiment studies revealed Atom Force Microscope observed vital human erythrocytes that incubated at different temperatures in plasma physiological environment, that surface microstructure of the cell membranes were shapely sensitive to the altered temperature increasingly, and that liquid crystalline state bio-membrane were slightly perturbed and happened phase transition. In the optical tweezers experiment, the captive erythrocytes were encaged in the three-dimensional laser optical potential well, and able to well maintain physiology characteristic property and intact shapes.

实验研究显示，在血浆生理环境中不同温度孵育的红细胞经原子力显微镜观测，其膜表面微观结构对温度变化比较灵敏，液晶态生物膜被扰动而发生轻微相变；在光镊捕获实验中，三维激光势阱囚禁的红细胞却仍能够维持良好生理特性和完好形态，并且细胞膜表面存在相互作用力。

Based on the survey of community plots, a quantitative analysis of the communities at Luya Mountain is performed with TWINSPAN Two Way Indicator Species Analysis and DCA Detrended Correspondence Analysis methods. 82 quadrates collected from Luya Mountains were classified into 28 types by TWINSPAN, which belong to seven vegetation types. The result of DCA indicated that those 28 types were reliable. Diagonal line of the two-dimensional ordination diagram of DCA reflects the gradient changes of elevation, temperature and humidity. It is considered that the major factors that restrict the community distribution of the mountains are elevation、temperature and humidity.

本文在群落样方调查基础上，采用双向指示种分析法TWINSPAN和除趋势对应分析DCA对山西芦芽山植物群落进行数量分类和排序TWINSPAN等级分类将芦芽山82个样方分为28类，可归属于7个植被型，分类结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系，并在 DCA二维排序图上得到较好的验证DCA排序轴对角线基本反映了海拔、温度和湿度的梯度变化，表明群落生境所在地的海拔、温度和湿度是决定群落分布的主要因素

And temperature stress caused by road temperature is one of the most important factors damaging pavements.

路面结构温度变化状况反映了外界环境因素对路面结构的作用，产生的温度应力是路面破坏的主要因素之一。

Arc plasma has many advantages, such as high temperature、 high energydensity and so on. It has been applied in the field of cutting、 welding、 metallurgyand material prepared etc, but there is a long-term problem in the field of the arcplasma technology, which is how to reduce cathode erosion to increase the life-timeof arc plasma generator, so many scholars in the world have been studying theproblem on the cathode erosion.

电弧等离子体具有温度高、能量密度大和对环境污染小等特点，它已被广泛应用于切割、焊接、冶金、材料制备等领域，但是在电弧等离子体技术中，怎样减少阴极烧损提高等离子体发生器的寿命是电弧等离子体技术中一个长期问题，因而国内外的许多学者仍在对阴极烧损这个问题进行研究；本文围绕&通过提高阴极表面温度，增强阴极表面的电子发射能力，来增大阴极弧根直径，进而降低电弧通过阴极弧根传入阴极表面的有效比热流，以达到减小阴极烧损的目的。&

In the pack rolling of thin sheet, it is not use water cooling for the quickly decreasing of temperature of the work piece. The temperature of work roll is 300~400℃. Now the sliding bearing can not be lubricated by normal lubrication oil but massive asphalt. Mist and dust created by asphalt burning pollutes the environment of workshop.

在薄板叠轧工艺中，为了使工件温度快速下降减缓，不应该使用速冷，工作辊温度在300~400℃之间，这时，滑动轴承不应该使用普通润滑油润滑，而应当使用大量的沥青，沥青加热产生的蒸汽和灰尘会污染厂房的环境。

Mass concrete placement block temperature and stress field is a multi-factors influence the physical market, it has a relationship with the concrete elastic modulus, creep, cement hydration heat, ambient temperature and pouring temperature.

大体积混凝土浇筑块的温度应力场是个多因素物理场，同时与混凝土的弹性模量、水泥水化热、徐变、环境气温以及浇筑温度有关。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷