环境温度

Some parameters such as Indoor radiation heat transfer, convective heat transfer, MRT, OT, radiation heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer coefficient, and PMV-PPD were calculated under a steady condition. From the result, we can conclude, when operation under the combination system and worst-case test, if floor temperature is about 21℃, supply air temperature is 21℃, air velocity is 1m/s, the equlvalent coefficient of heat transfer between floor temperature and OT is 13.6w/m2k, where 5.68w/m2k is equlvalent coefficient of radiant heat transfer, 9.48w/m2k is convective heat transfer coefficient. And when air velocity is higher, supply air temperature is lower, the radiant heat transfer between floor and others is lower. In the whole experiment, the floor temperature was keeping above the indoor air dew point, and condensation was not appeared.

通过分析计算，在复合式系统运行中，最不利室外环境下，当地面温度维持在21℃左右，送风温度21℃，送风风速1m/s，此时地板对作用温度的当量综合换热系数为13.6w/m2k，其中当量辐射换热系数为5.68w/m2k，对流换热系数为9.48w/m2k，并且送风速度越高、送风温度越低，地板与其他壁面的辐射换热量有一定程度的降低，但总供冷量增加；在整个实验中地板温度始终高于地板上层空气的露点温度，并未发现有结露现象；室内空气温度梯度能满足0.1m-1.1m的温差小于3℃的要求，并且适当提高送风温度可以进一步提高人体的热舒适性。

The quality of interior environment in nursing home residents will become one of the attention-getting subjects due to the gradual increase of aging populations This paper directs at the research of nursing home's interior environment factors in Tainan We use the standard of international practice to analyze the intrinsical data of environmental monitoring and establish the characteristics which from environmental physical reaction of nursing home The research items are air environments (PM10 CO CO2 formaldehyde TVOC) temperate environments and light environment (illumination average brightness daylight factor) etc There are the inductive conclusions of this research: 1 In basic medicine the clinical diagnosis means the theory and technique about physical examination with patients The definition of clinical diagnosis in architecture should be the diagnosis of building preserve and improve the feasible way to extend building's service life and assure the residents of the healthy quality of interior environment The object of clinical diagnosis in architecture is not only to ensure the use of structure and environment quality but also keep the structure and environment quality in sustainable; therefore creating an efficient system of preserving plan is needed 2 It is an accurate and technical circumstance which about improving remedying and reconstructing the problems of structure space This circumstance includes finding questions ensuring causation ascertaining ultimate strength evaluating environment quality estimating the necessary of restoration and implementing on a suitable way Furthermore when reconstructing and ameliorating the appearance of structure space it should be respected and the memories of it should be preserved 3 In clinical diagnosis of environment quality of space the question of physical environment and the deficiencies of structure must be separated The structure space of construction and the high quality of space should be inspected strictly then observed the crucial reason that can find out any invisible and hidden causes The diagnosis of construction is to observe the reason of destroyed structure The environmental diagnosis of indoor and outdoor is to find out the crucial reason that influences health 4 In order to decrease the iterant problems the construction and environment of space should be diagnosed However the destruction by natural strength and artificial using by human are important causes that can affect the service life of construction Searching the cause of disease just like curing the patient which includes inspection diagnosis cure and prevention We tested the thermal conductivity of siding material in this research and then found out the roof east vertical face and west vertical face have most radiant heat especially the construction of RC The characteristics of opaquely outer casing have relations with the thermal conductivity of wall to wiz the ability of heat insulation Therefore increasing the efficiency of heat insulation and decreasing the endoergic factor of insolation are very important to temperate environments

而随著国内老年人人口逐渐增加，逐渐迈向高龄化之同时，对於高龄者使用空间之室内环境品质相关议题之探讨，亦成为未来我们需加以关注之议题之一。主要为针对台南某安养中心室内环境因子进行检测调查工作，利用现场室内环境测定以取得有效的实测数据；再藉由汇整相关国际评估基准，并进行实测数据比对分析，建立老人安养中心对物理环境反应之特性。并以前期相关研究文献回顾与老人安养中心实测案例现场的实验，来了解不同空间物理环境特性之影响，并将结果回馈实际建筑及室内设计之用。调查工作项目包含：空气环境之PM10、CO、CO2、甲醛、TVOC；温热环境之室内温度、相对湿度、人体PMV、PPD；光环境之照度、均齐度、昼光率等因子调查。本研究结果可归纳以下几点结论： 1 所谓临床诊断医学乃相对於基础医学而言，是指实际与病人接触的医疗及护理行为中牵涉到的理论和技术；而建筑的临床诊断的定义应为建筑本体与室内外诊断、维护及改善所有可行的方式来延长建筑物的寿命，并确保人与室内环境空间品质的健康。建筑临床诊断目的为确保结构体与环境品质能继续使用，而能维持所需要的效能及承受能力。一个有效的维护计画体系是必须建立的 2 在建筑空间之问题改善、治疗与修复执行中，是一个精确与技术性的事项，其中包含找出问题、确定原因、评估结构应力强度、评估环境品质、评估修复与改善必要性、选择及执行一个适当的过程。其改善与修复也必须尊重建筑空间原有色彩与形貌，并保留原有记忆及文化。 3 在临床诊断中空间环境品质中，物理性环境问题与结构构件缺陷必须分别判断，诊断建筑空间之结构与空间舒适品质必须详细观察其症结性问题，才能发现任何隐藏及有潜伏性缺陷的原因。建筑本体诊断是观察出建筑本体之破坏原因，而是内外空间环境诊断目的在於的找出影响健康因素之症结性问题。 4 建筑本体与空间环境之预防评估目的为降低与抑制问题的再发生。然而，自然力的破坏与人为使用因素皆是影响建筑生命期之主要因素，找出病源问题就如同医生对病人的处理，包含了侦查、诊断、治疗以及预防。 5 本研究以外墙材料热传导率测试结果发现，屋面与东西向立面是承受辐射热最多的地方，尤以 RC 的建筑更甚，不透明部分的外壳能特性主要与壁体的热传透率即隔热能力有关，但是承受来自日射的吸热影响，因此增加隔热性能与降低日射吸热因子是对温热环境是非常重要的。

The analysis on the test result shows that the temperature distribution in CFST members caused by solar radiation is nonlinear,and the nonlinear character is most evident when center point of concrete gets its lowest temperature. The temperature of the center point is affected by various directions, especially the strong potential. In the side exposed to the sun in the afternoon, apart from the center point, temperature varies laggardly when the point of concrete in the same series is more close to the center. But in the side not exposed to the sun in the afternoon, temperature varies laggardly when the point of concrete in the same series is more close to the center.

结果表明，日照作用下截面的温度场为非均匀场，混凝土中心的温度达到最小值时，截面温度场的非线性特性最明显，圆心点的温度受各个方向温度的共同作用，更多地受到强势方向的影响；下午时处在向阳面的各系列，同一系列上混凝土各点温度变化随直径缩小趋缓，越靠近圆心，温度变化越缓和，对外部环境的影响呈滞后现象越明显；而在下午时处在背阴面的各系列除圆心点外，同一系列上越靠近圆心的混凝土测点，温度变化越缓和。

Slight fragmentation of dropl ets before ignition,part and full fragmentations of droplets during burning peri o d,were observed under different pressure and temperature,and characteristic phot ographs of droplet microexplosion s were given.

观察到液滴在不同环境压力和温度下的 3种微爆模式，即液滴在着火前的轻度破碎、液滴在燃烧时的部分破碎和全部爆碎，并给出了微爆过程的特征照片，定量测试了液滴微爆延迟期、微爆温度和微爆直径与环境压力、温度的关系。

Three modes of microexplosions,i.e.,slight fragmentation of dropl ets before ignition,part and full fragmentations of droplets during burning peri o d,were observed under different pressure and temperature,and characteristic phot ographs of droplet microexplosions were given.Microexplosion delay time,temperat ure and diameter of droplets were also measured quantitatively.

观察到液滴在不同环境压力和温度下的3种微爆模式，即液滴在着火前的轻度破碎、液滴在燃烧时的部分破碎和全部爆碎，并给出了微爆过程的特征照片，定量测试了液滴微爆延迟期、微爆温度和微爆直径与环境压力、温度的关系。

To obtain precise result, itis necessary, in the aspect of hardware, to set up one stable optics system with highSNR, only if so, can we do the measurement with the steady NIR. To do so, we designthe optics system using AOTF, and take some measures to increase the light energyand the system SNR, which includes the three layers structure of the light chamber,the equipments to cover the useless light, polarizing to reduce the influence of 0 gradelight and focalize the light with lens. Apart from the hardware aspect, according to theexperiments, we can see that the different temperatures between at setting up themodels and at predicting the results will affect the prediction results in a way, and theaffection extent will be increased along with the increase of the temperaturedifference. Moreover, the light energy that can be detected will be different with thecontact pressure, and the match of the refractive indexes between the tissue and thesurroundings will enhance the light transmission depth, which will take moreinformation of the tissue. So, during the measurement, we should ensure the sametemperature between measuring and predicting, the same contact pressure at everymeasurement and the match of the indexes between the tissue and the surroundings aspossible as we can.

要提高测量精度，从硬件方面就必须有一个稳定的、信噪比较高的分光光路系统，以此得到稳定的近红外光来进行无创检测，针对这个目的，我们设计了 AOTF 分光光路系统，并在系统中采用一定的措施如三层灯室结构、遮光筒以减小杂散光、起偏和检偏来减小 0 级光影响、透镜汇聚等等来提高出射光的能量和系统的信噪比；从其他影响因素方面，通过实验，我们得到不同的建模温度对于预测结果有一定的影响，且影响随着温度的差值越大而越大，另外散反射光谱的能量也随着接触压力的不同而不同，组织的折射率与环境匹配将加大光的入射深度，从而能携带更多的组织信息，所以在测量时我们尽可能保证同一温度、保证同一接触压力以及利用物理或者化学的方法使组织与环境折射率匹配等。

The results show that at sea level, coolant flow rate affects the plug pressure, heat flux and temperature; at design operating condition, coolant flow rate has no effect on pressure and heat flux on the plug wall. With the same coolant flow rate, plug temperature at sea level is higher than that at design operating condition; under the same operating condition, ramp temperature is higher than the plug base temperature.

计算结果表明：地面工况下，冷却剂流量的改变对塞锥和塞锥底部壁面的压强、热流密度和温度的影响较大，高空环境下，冷却剂流量的改变对塞锥和塞锥底部壁面的压强、热流密度的影响较小；在冷却剂流量相同的情况下，塞锥和塞锥底部在地面工况下的壁面温度要远高于在高空环境下的温度；在相同工况和相同冷却剂流量的情况下，塞锥壁面上的温度要远高于塞锥底部壁面上的温度。

To investigate the response of plant growth and antioxidant system to changes of root temperatures, roots of six cucurbit plants were exposed to three different root-zone temperatures: low (14℃), middle (24℃) and high (34℃), while aerial parts of plants were maintained at the same natural ambient temperatures (23-33℃). The six cucurbit plant species could be classified into three groups with figleaf gourd and turban squash being I group (heat-sensitive but cold-tolerant), cucumber and melon being II group (heat- and cold-sensitive) and bitter melon and wax gourd being III group (heat-tolerant but cold-sensitive), i.e.

为了探究植物生长与活性氧代谢对根际温度变化的响应，以六种温度敏感性不同的瓜类作物为试材(组Ⅰ，黑籽南瓜与美洲南瓜，耐冷但热敏感型；组Ⅱ，黄瓜与甜瓜，冷敏感与热敏感型；组Ⅲ，苦瓜与冬瓜，冷敏感但耐热型)，分别将其根系置于不同的温度环境中：低(14℃)、中(24℃)与高(34℃)三种温度条件下，而地上部保持与外界空气相同的温度(23-33℃)环境中。

The experiment use cucumber as materials, There were two stubble cultivation includingspring stubble and autumn stubble. Three temperature environmentwere setted upby opening back slope ,back wall and front ventilation mouth or cover of many layers ortemporary hightened temperature. Jinchun 3 was used in spring stubble and Jinyou 1 was used inautumn stubble. The experiment initially ascertained that different temperature conditions ingreenhouse influence on growth and yield of cucumber by studying different temperaturetreatments effect on atmosphere factors (air temperature, ground temperature and relativehumidity), growth, correlated physio-biochemical index and yield of cucumber, which couldprovide reasonable temperature parameters for greenhouse cucumber cultivation in our province.

本试验以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus.L）为材料，分为温室春秋两茬栽培，通过开启后坡、后墙、前侧通风口大小、多层覆盖、临时加温等手段，设置 A、B、C 三个温度环境，春茬选用品种为津春 3 号，秋茬为津优 1 号，通过研究不同温度管理方式对日光温室内气象因子(气温、地温和空气相对湿度)及黄瓜的生长、产量、相关理化指标、果实商品性、品质的影响，初步探明日光温室内不同温度管理对黄瓜生长及产量形成的影响，为我省日光温室黄瓜栽培环境控制提供合理的温度参数。

The results show that the neutral temperature is 26.9 ℃ in modified temperature; the preferred sensation is -0.2 in summer; the partial pressure of water vapor is about 3 500 Pa when the humid sensation is neutral; the mean skin temperature is 33.2 ℃ corresponding neutral thermal sensation; the mean skin temperature and skin wetness degree are important in predicting thermal sensation and thermal comfort; there is a linear relation between the heart rate and thermal comfort, and between the blood pressure and thermal comfort in cooler environment but the blood pressure varies not obviously with thermal sensation in warmer environment.

结果显示，受试者的热中性温度为26.9 ℃；受试者夏季偏爱稍凉的热感觉（-0.2）；潮湿感中性对应的水蒸气分压力约为3 500 Pa；热中性对应的平均皮肤温度为33.2 ℃；平均皮肤温度与皮肤湿润度是预测热感觉与热舒适的重要参数；心率与热感觉存在线性关系，血压在偏凉环境下与热感觉呈线性关系，在偏暖环境下变化不大。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷