环境损害

External diseconomy is the destruction to environment and resources caused by manufacturers production and management.

外部不经济性是由厂商在生产和经营过程中所造成的对环境的损害和资源的破坏。这种不经济性未计入企业的生产成本，而被转移给了社会，即全体受害的社会成员承担了少数企业对生态环境的损害结果。

Analysis includes three aspects: main body of environment's right is from main body using environment discreditably to main body using environment hurtfully; Character of environment's right is from creditor's right based on social damage to property's right based on implementing environment's criterion; Form of environment's right is from static adscription to dynamic fluxion.

分析了中国环境使用权的有偿分配主体由有损害使用主体转变为有害使用主体、性质由建立在因污染引起的"社会损害"基础上的债权转化为实现环境质量标准基础上的物权、形态由不可转让的静态归属到可交易的动态流动的进化过程。

Based on the analysis of the limitations of parity compensation,the article suggests that it is necessary and possible to involve the principal of punitive compensation in compensation for the damage of environmental pollution,so as to strengthen the function of civil re- lief,sanction and prevention,and eventually to create a fairer society of justice.

在各种俊权贵任形式中，损害赔偿是最基本的形式，原因在于侵权法的基本功能就是补偿受害人的损失。所以，损害赔偿在环境污染损害贵任形式中有着不可取代的地位，并且被广泛地适用。

There are three fundamental stratagems:(1) construct new economical ecol-ogy structure----to disconnect input of environment resources and economy de-velopment;(2) establish precautious landscape policies----there are three relatedand coinstantaneous processes: aggravation of landscape damage, knowledgeacquiring and public awareness.

同时，本文建设性地提出了景观恢复的3个基本方略：(1)确立新的经济的生态结构——使环境景观的投入与经济增长脱钩，通过4大投入要素与GDP关系的举例，分析讨论了生态结构与经济结构改变的趋势；(2)制定预防性景观、环境政策——通过损害环境、景观的代价举例分析，讨论了环境政策制定有三个相互关联而且同时发生的过程：环境景观损害日益加重、加剧；人类获取技术知识；公众觉悟。

In the fourth part of the thesis, the writer has an explorative discussion about these questions.

如《民法通则》与环境法的有关规定不完全一致，损害赔偿范围中缺乏精神损害赔偿的规定，本文在第四部分，对环境侵权损害赔偿的法理和司法实践的一系列问题进行了探索性的论述。

We conclude that KB-R7843 has protective effects on contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity. The protective role of KB-R7943 may be related to its positive effects on renal hemadynamics through inhibiting the increase of ET-1 and TXA2 induced by contrast media in the environment of hypercholesterolemia and its cytoprotective influence on renal cells.

据此推导：（1）KB-R7943对高胆固醇血症环境下造影剂注射所致的肾损害有保护作用；（2）KB-R7943对造影剂肾损害的保护作用可能与其阻止高胆固醇血症环境下造影剂注射所致的肾皮质ET-1、TXA2浓度的上升从而阻止高胆固醇血症环境下注射造影剂所致的肾血流动力学的紊乱有关以及其对肾脏细胞的细胞保护作用有关。

The result shows that the level of the water quality in Wuliangsuhai Lake has been close to the fifth level from 2003 to 2005. Based on the grass type lakes character and economic loss rate of water due to pollution, the damage extent of utilizing functions of water in Wuliangsuhai Lake is assessed though investigation, monitoring and analysis from 2003 to 2005. Results show that water in Wuliangsuhai Lake has not been suitable for serving as a water source for drinking and swimming.

选用L.D詹姆斯的污染损失—浓度模型，根据2003年～2005年乌梁素海实测水质资料，对乌梁素海湖泊使用功能损害程度进行评价表明：乌梁素海水已不适宜作为饮用水源和游泳用水，作为人体非直接接触的旅游娱乐用水及渔业养殖用水也受到严重威胁(中损害，2003年为重损害)，乌梁素海湖水作为一般居住环境用水呈现逐年改善的趋势(重损害→中损害→轻损害)，湖泊功能整体损害程度相当严重。

It is necessary to study the acute toxicity of oil to evaluateoil pollutions damage to the sea fishery and the marine organisms.

为了定量化评估油污染对海洋渔业及海洋生态环境损害的程度，开展油污染对海洋生物的急性毒性研究，提供可靠的数据势在必行。

Therefore, no matter in developed countries or developing countries, researches on compensation for environmental damage advance rapidly.

因此，无论在发达国家还是在发展中国家，对环境损害赔偿问题的研究都方兴未艾。

Nowadays, transboundary environmental damage has been a very important matter to the international community.

处理跨界环境损害问题是当今国际社会面临的一个重要的课题。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。