环境噪声

With the advancement of science and technology, some new theories and new ways emerged gradually, some of them merged with specific theoretical tools, this specific theoretical tools include mathematical morphology, fuzzy techniques, neural networks, wavelet and so on. Secondly, in this paper, it described and analyzed the segmentation method based on the edge in the domain of image segmentation in detail. It did experiments on several edge detection operators using MATLAB, it summarized the advantage and the shortcoming of traditional edge detection operators, and the operating environment. On the basis of the experimental analysis, it implemented an edge location more precise, more efficient operating speed edge extraction method——Template Vector. In this method, it optimized differential approximate calculation of first differential operators the paper mentioned. After experimented on this edge extraction method, contracted with the traditional methods, the edge outline is extracted more accurately and more exquisitely, furthermore, it retained the object outline furthest, and achieved more satisfied edge extraction result.

其次，对图像分割领域中常用的基于边缘的分割方法进行了详细的研究与分析，对各种边缘检测算子进行了MATLAB环境下的实验，分析总结了各种传统边缘检测算子的优缺点和适应环境，并针对传统边缘检测算子在处理显微图像时的缺陷，在实验分析的基础上研究并实现了一种边缘定位更加精确、运算速度更加快捷的边缘提取方法——模板向量算法，在该算法中，对文章提到的一阶微分算子中微分的近似计算作进一步优化，经过对该边缘提取方法进行实验，其结果与传统方法相比，轮廓提取更为精确细腻，且最大程度的保留了图像中物体(目标个体或者明显噪声点)的轮廓，得到了比较理想的边缘提取效果。

After mainenervations being drawn out and being dried for 4 hours at 60℃,1156 samples of tobacco leaves from different tobacco producing-area were made into powder (≤0.13 mm). Reducing sugar, total sugar, nicotine, nitrogen, potassium and chlorine of more than 1000 samples from different tobacco producing-area were determined with classical chemical or instrumental methods. By scanning these samples with Fourier transform Near Infrared spectrometer (MARIXT-I produced by Bucker) we obtained their spectrograms, pretreated the spectrograms with a chemometrics software (OPUS 5.5) to debase the noises influence on spectrum information, and built a chemometrics model by means of Partial Least2Squares. The chemometric model was optimized some times and validated with some other samples.

选取全国不同烟草生产地区的1156余烟叶样品，采用相同的预处理条件(去处主脉，60℃烘干4小时)，处理成40目待测粉末样品，采用行业经典的化学分析方法或准确可靠仪器方法测定其常规成分含量，在条件一致(20℃～24℃，环境湿度≤40 RH%)的实验室环境中，使用市场上主流的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(德国BRUKER公司生产的MARIXT-I)上进行图谱扫描，采用OPUS5.5化学计量学软件，对光谱进行适当的预处理，减弱以至于消除各种噪声对光谱信息的影响，用偏最小二乘回归法建立常规成分预测模型，并进行了反复优化和未知样品模型外验证。

Firstly, this paper investigated roundly the basic theory of the ambient vibration method, analyzed systematically the main methods of ambient vibration identification, and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. Then we established the finite element model of structural dynamics and test model and analyzed their mutual relation, improved MUSIC method and correlation function method in the harmonic identification, and gave the subspace method and correlation function method based on continuous model, which is multi-harmonic retrieve technique. And then, this paper also puts forward least-squares method to estimate directly structural physical and modal parameters; this approach replaced the derivative operator in the continuous time model with an equivalent approximation, and estimated the physical parameters of structures by the least-squares method. And then, we discussed the approximation methods of derivative and their convergence. Finally, this paper researched the modal parameters of a frame structure by the simulation and test. The results demonstrated that subspace method, correlation function method and the least-squares method are effective and stable respectively.

全面地研究环境振动识别方法的基本理论，系统地分析环境振动识别方法的主要方法，讨论它们的优点和不足；建立结(来源：6666AB44C论文网www.abclunwen.com)构动力学的有限元模型和试验模型，分析有限元模型与试验模型之间的相互关系；改进谐波识别中的MUSIC识别方法和相关函数识别方法，给出大型结构模态识别的连续型的子空间分解识别方法和相关函数识别方法，这个方法是多元谐波识别方法；提出直接识别结构的物理参数和模态参数的最小二乘方法，这个方法利用导数的近似值代替导数值，并运用最小二乘方法识别结构的物理参数，讨论导数近似值的选择方法，分析算法的收敛性；通过仿真计算和模型实验，研究高层框架结构的模态参数识别，验证子空间分解识别方法、相关函数识别方法和最小二乘识别方法的有效性，算法的稳定性；从理论和试验两个方面分析和研究噪声对识别精度的影响，影响识别精度的因素，以及部分模态成分的模态参数不能够被识别的原因。

This paper proposes an error concealment algorithm based on polynomial interpolation,which uses cubic polynomial to predict and fit the motions of objects.

在无线环境下，由于多径衰减和噪声等因素影响，信道的误码率通常很高，而且误码率随着外部环境的变化而改变[1]。

However, the quality of water environment and noise environment was medium level.

水环境质量和噪声环境质量一般。

In order to find more effective measures of noise control and more reasonable city plan from the aspect of economic benefic and environmental impact, and a healthy living environment, we consult theelementary survey and research at the field of soundscape.

为了从经济效益、环境影响等方面寻求更有效的噪声控制手段和更合理的城市规划，并创造更健康的生活环境，本文进行了声景观方面的初步调查研究。

Nowadays, speech recognition system in clean conditions with reading input mode can give desirable performance, but environmental noise and speaker variation, such as spontaneousness and accent etc., prevent the recognition engine from being put to real application.

当前在纯净环境下采用朗读方式的语音识别系统识别性能已经达到一个相当高的程度，在这种情况下，语音识别走向实际应用必须解决对噪声环境的鲁棒性。。。

Indoor environment and human health are closely related, not only environmental factors affecting indoor air pollution, noise pollution, but also easier to overlook the visual pollution.

室内的环境与人体健康密切相关，影响室内环境的因素不仅有空气污染、噪声污染，还有容易被人忽视的视觉污染。

It has been important part of manufacturing noise and public noise, so it is significant to survey environment infrasound.

次声已是生产噪声和公共噪声的重要组成部分，因此环境次声测量具有重要的实际意义。

For speech recognition systems under noisy environment, lip reading technique can effectively reduce the influence of noise and improve the accurate rate of speech recognition system by adding visual information to acoustic channel.

在许多应用于有噪声环境下的语音识别系统中，唇读技术能有效地降低噪声的影响，通过视觉通道来补充仅取决于听觉通道的信息量，从而提高语音识别系统的识别率。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。