率

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

The results showed that the ammonifying rate, nitrifying rate, nitrosifying rate and denitrifying rate of bacteria in pond silt were significantly affected by the biomass and population composition of bacteria, physio-chmical characteristics of pond silt and water quality.

结果表明：淤泥中细菌的氨化率、亚硝化率、硝化率和反硝化率在很大程度上受淤泥中有机物的含量、细菌数量和种群组成、淤泥的理化性质及水质情况的影响。

Ammonifying rate, nitrosifying rate,nitrifying rate and denitrifying rate were determined by measurement of conversion efficiency and accumulating rate of nitrogenous matter by ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the surface 0-1.5 cm of pond sediment from the intensive fish culture ponds.

通过对精养鱼池表层淤泥中氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌对含氮物质转化率的测定，定量了解了上述细菌的氨化率、亚硝化率、硝化率和反硝化率。

It is foun d that the implied volatility of Hang Seng index options is strongly mean r everting, so assuming the market efficiency hypothesis and Black Scholes mod el are right, the implied volatility on a larger maturity option should move by less than the change of the implied volatility on a shorter maturity option.

实证分析表明期权的隐含波动率具有很强的&中心回复&特性，那么，在有效市场假设和Black Scholes期权定价模型正确性的前提之下，当一个期限较短的期权的隐含波动率发生变动时，另一个其他方面与之完全相同，但期限较长的期权，其隐含波动率的变动幅度应小于前一个期权隐含波动率的变动幅度。

On the basis of analyzing the hulling methods and principles for general agricultural crop materials,combined with physical and mechanical properties of rapeseed,a hulling method of two-time striking was developed.

在此脱壳装置上进行的油菜籽脱壳试验结果表明，两次撞击法脱壳率大于75%，粉末率小于5%；随着油菜籽含水量的增加，脱壳率和粉末率降低；打板在主轴上的安装位置和打板高度均有最佳值。

Based on the equipment,test results showed that:hulling rate was more than 75% and powder rate was less than 5%.With an increase of rapeseed moisture content,hulling rate and power rate were increased.The fixed position on delivering axis and height of the striking board had the best value.

在此脱壳装置上进行的油菜籽脱壳试验结果表明，两次撞击法脱壳率大于75%，粉末率小于5%；随着油菜籽含水量的增加，脱壳率和粉末率降低；打板在主轴上的安装位置和打板高度均有最佳值。

Specific IgY enhanced the phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes isolated from cow blood and milk with an optimal concentration of 1 mg/mL.The phagocytic percents of PMN in blood to S.aureus increased from 60.2%to 90.5%with IgY opsonizing,that of PMN in milk increased from 52.95%to 82.45%.The phagocytosis of PMN and macrophages in milk to S.aureus and E.coli were both enhanced by specific IgY.

该浓度IgY使外周血PMN吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率由60.2%升高到90.5%，乳中PMN吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率由52.95%升高到82.45%；乳中PMN和Mφ吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率分别提高29.5%和27.66%，吞噬大肠杆菌的吞噬率分别提高26.5%和26.36%，IgY对两种细胞的吞噬促进作用差异不明显(p＞0.05)。

At the salinity of 30, the animals respired and excreted at a low level. The respiration rate and ammonia excretion rate increased significantly at higher salinity of 35 and at lower salinity of 23 for the juvenile group or 20 for the one year old group.

幼参在23~30盐度、1龄参20~30盐度范围内，耗氧率和排氨率随着盐度的升高而降低，当盐度升高至35时，两者都明显升高（以盐度30为对照），当盐度降至20、16（1龄参）时，刺参耗氧率和排氨率均降低。

Results: The rate of abnormal increase of telomerase activity was 75.71%, pos itive rate of telomerase was 31.41%,OD value was 388.21(×10-3) in hypertension group（70 cases） were significantly increase (P＜0.01,＜0.0 5,＜0.01),comp ared with 47 cases' normal group(RAITA was 31.79%,PRT was 6.38%,OD value was 7 0.7).The difference of RAITA was not significance (P＞0.05) between aged h ypertension group (73.68%) and normal group(52.63%),the difference of RAITA w as significance (P＜0.05) between adult(age＜60) hypertension group (7 5.00%) and normal group(17.81%). The difference of RAITA、PRT was no signific ance among 2 groups of hypertension, and was significanceP＜0.05）among 2 g roups of normal.

结果：高血压病组（70例）端粒酶活性异常增高率（75.71%），阳性率（31.41%），OD值［388.21(×10-3)］分别明显高于正常组（47例）的 31.79%、 6.38%、70.7( P＜0.01，＜0.05，＜0.01)；老年高血压组的端粒酶活性异常增高率(73.68%)与正常同年龄组的52.63%比无明显差异，但成年（＜60岁）高血压组的端粒酶活性异常增高率(75.00%)较正常组的17.81%明显增加(P＜0.05)；高血压2个年龄组的端粒酶活性异常增高率、阳性率、OD值无明显差异，但正常人2年龄组这些参数有明显差异（P＜0.05）。

Project activities included a nationwide survey on the driver's safety belt use rate of the passenger car, the test-driving of COROLLA of TOYOYA, which have equipped with the SBR system and the questionnaire form the drivers in the test. Base on the data, we get the effectiveness of the SBR system to the people of different classification, such as age, income and education etc. The results indicated that the most effective and acceptable safety-belt reminder system concept was one that was adaptive, that is, one that changes its signal type and presentation modality depending on belt use behavior over some metric. Ultimately, base on the fatal data of passenger car driver in the traffic accident of our country and the relationship of the safety belt use rate between the dead driver and the rate in our research, we got the number of life that can be saved in the traffic accident when the SBR system was used, and then the economic losing related was calculated.

首先，通过实地拍摄得到了国内乘用车的安全带佩戴率数据；其次，通过对安装了安全带提醒装置的丰田花冠试验车的试驾调查，得到了安全带提醒装置对安全带使用的提高率，然后，利用Visual Basic对试驾问卷数据进行了处理，全面分析了安全带提醒装置对各类人群的不同效果；最后，以我国道路交通事故中轻、微型车辆驾驶员死亡人数为基础，参考交通事故中死亡驾驶员佩戴率与实际调查佩戴率之间的拟合关系以及使用安全带后驾驶员的存活率，得到了安全带提醒装置对减少国内交通事故中死亡人数的效果，然后基于所能挽救生命数量，对安全带提醒装置在降低国内交通事故中的经济损失方面的效果进行了分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。