独立派

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从"五四"到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族"血性"的传承方面。

In the midst of the sponsorship scandal in 2004, support for federal and provincial sovereigntist parties strengthened ominously.

在2004年的赞助丑闻中，支持统一与支持魁省独立的两派都有增长的势头。

It is split between those like Mr Kostunica who think that Serbia should abandon the path of European integration and those like Bozidar Djelic, the deputy prime minister, who argue that, although Serbia must not recognise Kosovo, it should not abandon its EU ambitions.

目前政府的发展路线分为两派，一派为以科斯图尼卡为代表，他认为塞尔维亚应该摒弃欧共体的道路方针；而另一派则以副总理波自达尔·德杰里克为首，而他则主张，尽管塞尔维亚不必认可科索沃的国家独立，但也不应该放弃塞尔维亚加入欧盟的目标。

Shi'i independence was once again reestablished with the emergence of the Safavid dynasty in Iran at the beginning of the 16th century.

什叶派独立再度被重新确立与出现的萨法维王朝的伊朗在一开始的16世纪。

A philosophy graduate and committed "sensualist" who quickly tired of pop stardom, Dengler always seemed destined for life beyond indie rock (he's already written and co-produced the short film My Friends Told Me About You ).

一个哲学研究生，并承诺"感觉派"谁很快厌倦了流行音乐明星，丹格勒似乎总是注定终身无法独立摇滚（他's已经书面和共同制作的短片我的朋友告诉我）。

A number of distinct and independent branches developed, so that one can speak of Mahayana Buddhist tantrism (Tibetan Vajrayana,"adamantine vehicle", and Japanese Shingon "Mantra teaching") Shaivite tantrism (in Kashmir, emphasising the monistic Vedantic perspective), Natha tantrism (a hybrid Shaivite yogic movement), Shakta tantra (in Bengal, emphasising the chakras, kundalini,and occult practices), cosmological tantrism, Jain tantrism, and evenVaishvana tantrism (among devotees of Vishnu and Krishna).

不少独特而独立的分支体系得到发展，如被称作大乘密宗佛教(西藏金刚乘，以及日本的真言宗)，希瓦宗(在克什米尔地区，强调吠陀派一元轮)，纳萨宗，性力密宗在孟加拉，强调脉轮，昆塔利尼(kundalini，以及神秘修行，宇宙论，耆那教密宗，甚至外士那瓦密宗(存在于毗湿努和奎师那的奉献者中)。

"The IRA used armed force to achieve the same objectives as Sinn Fein, though the two always operated independently."

爱尔兰共和军以使用武力达到和新芬党一样的目标，但两派始终是各自独立运作。

Thanks to great changes and turns in criticism, 1960's western literary theories provided many-sided inspirations of theoretical thought and methods for suffragism criticism.

英美派女权主义批评者们在努力挖掘寻找女性文学自己的传统、建立独立的女性文学史的同时，鼓励当代妇女加强联系和团结，挣脱父权中心文化的压抑。

Today, it's still a youth-oriented neighborhood, serving hipsters with experimental music clubs, independent theaters and cutting-edge fashion.

如今，这里仍是一个以年轻人为主导的街区，以实验派音乐俱乐部、独立剧院以及前沿时尚为潮流人士提供着服务。

To maintain that China should join the Anglo-French imperialist war front is a capitulator's view, which is harmful to the War of Resistance as well as to the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation, and it should be flatly rejected.

那种主张中国应该参加英法帝国主义战线的意见，乃是投降派的意见，不利于抗日和不利于中华民族独立解放的意见，是应该根本拒绝的。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。