独立性

In the developing countries, the infrequency of change of the chief executive officer of the bank is a better proxy for central bank independence.

在发展中国家， infrequency的变化首席执行干事银行是一个较好的代理中央银行的独立性。

In the initial design phase, they were referred to as "clone scouts," designating their independence.

在最初设计阶段，他们被称为"克隆人侦察兵"，指明其独立性。

Pure economic loss is a kind of economic disadvantage or loss of money which the victim directly suffers, also a disadvantage imposed on victim's entire property with such characteristics as independence, intangibility and directness.

摘要］纯损失是受害人直接遭受的经济上的不利益或金钱上的损失，是加诸于受害人整体财产上的一种不利益，具有独立性、无形性和直接性的特征。

Pure economic loss is a kind of economic disadvantage or loss of money whichthe victim directly suffers, also a disadvantage imposed on victim''s entire property with such characteristics as independence, intangibility and directness.

摘要］纯经济损失是受害人直接遭受的经济上的不利益或金钱上的损失，是加诸于受害人整体财产上的一种不利益，具有独立性、无形性和直接性的特征。

By introducing the generatingfunction method,the integrability of FDIHS is proved,which is thesimplest way we know so far.

通过引入母函数方法，较简洁地证明了系统的可积性，包括守恒积分族的对合性与独立性，其中关于对合性的证明是迄今为止最为简洁的证明。

This method combines tranditional framework with model knowledgeand OO characteristics and has the ability of representing complex model,and inturn,increases the integrity and independence of model representation.

该方法在传统的框架基础上增加了知识表示内容和有关面向对象类的某些特性，使得框架在具有复杂模型表达能力的同时又增加了模型表达的完整性、独立性。

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从"五四"到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族"血性"的传承方面。

This state of affairs not only leads to the unsteadiness of the development of the Chinese poems in the 20th century,but also displays the spiritual predicament faced by the Chinese people in the process of seeking modernization,in other words,the hesitation and the irresolution in the chosing of the individual value and the group value.

这一状况造成了20世纪中国诗歌发展的不稳定性，也反映了中国人在追求现代化的过程中所面临的精神困境，即在个体价值和群体价值选择中的徬徨和犹豫。20世纪中国诗歌语言观念的演变带给我们的启示是：既要坚持诗歌的文化批判立场，又要保持其作为艺术的独立性，就是要在语言的自我指涉和外在指涉之间找到一种能使诗成为艺术的平衡点，使诗能通过展现其自身的意义，同时又超越其语言自身的意义进入到新的意义的生产语境，进而参与到对现实世界的想象性建构过程中去。

In addition, with the help of the Japanese government, group-immigration and group-settlement facilitated them to establish their own communities and associations, which provided the subjective substance for their isolated and independent group-life, and at some extent, reduced their necessity of participating into the mainstream society.

从日裔群体本身来说，衣锦还乡的暂居客情结，使他们不愿主动融入当地社会，从而在主观心态上制约了其同化进程；另一方面，在日本政府的协助下，群体性的移民方式，使他们往往聚族而居，形成自己的社区和社团组织，这就为其内部封闭性、独立性很强的社会生活提供了物质条件，从而削弱了日裔群体融入主流社会的客观必要性。

Jakes model has been widely accepted, but it has major shortcoming in the statistical independence.

Jakes模型得到了广泛应用，但它在统计独立性方面还存在一些问题。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐