犹太的

There have been some positive Jewish reactions to the letter this week: Rabbi David Rosen, who advises the chief rabbinate of Israel on inter-faith matters, said the initiative was especially welcome because the "remarkable co-operation and cross-fertilisation" which had often existed between Muslims and Jews had been "tragically overshadowed" by modern politics.

对于本周穆斯林的信件，还是有些犹太人做出了积极的回应：拉比。大为。罗斯（以色列负责宗教事务的犹太法学博士们的顾问）说这个举动是值得欢迎的，因为曾存在于穆斯林和犹太人间"引人注意的合作与交流"已经不幸地被现代政治所遮掩。

This, by the Jewish law,19 was punished with death, in case the damsel was betrothed to another man; and, in case she was not betrothed, then a heavy fine of fifty shekels was to be paid to the damsels's father, and she was to be the wife of the ravisher all the days of his life; without that power of divorce, which was in general permitted by the Mosaic law.

对此，犹太法律规定，在女性已与另一个男人订婚的情况下，处死；在她没有订婚的情况下，50舍克（shekel，犹太钱币单位）的巨大罚金将支付给女性的父亲，而她以后将成为强奸者的妻子；且没有离婚的权力，而一般的摩西法律允许离婚。

When it became clear that the British intended to leave by May 15, leaders of the Yishuv decided to implement that part of the partition plan calling for establishment of a Jewish state. In Tel Aviv on May 14 the Provisional State Council, formerly the National Council,搑epresenting the Jewish people in Palestine and the World Zionist Movement,?proclaimed the 揺stablishment of the Jewish State in Palestine, to be called Medinat Israel ?open to the immigration of Jews from all the countries of their dispersion.?br

当得知英国要在5月15日离开巴勒斯坦时，Yishuv的领导人决定实施分治协议的部分内容，号召建立犹太人的国家。5月14日，临时政府委员会，也就是过去代表巴勒斯坦犹太人和世界犹太复国运动的民族委员会，在特拉维夫宣称要在巴勒斯坦建立犹太人的国家，国号为MEDINAT以色列，并接纳分散在世界各国的犹太移民。

In the summer of 1656, the Jewish community issued to him the writ of cherem, perhaps for the apostasy of how he conceived God, although the reason is not stated in the cherem.

部分犹太长者对斯宾诺莎之异端的义愤也许不是驱逐的唯一原因；也有对其观点的实际关注，这些观点不像犹太教那样符合其他的宗教正统，与阿姆斯特丹基督教领袖的观点也不一致，这在整个犹太群体反映很坏，危及了犹太人在这座城市已经获得的有限的自由。

This article reviews a Jewish classical drama Leading Out for the first time, and concludes that it is a powerful, stirring and profound Greek classical dramas, especially Athenian tragedies. The dramatist Ezekiel intentionally complied with the stage rules, changed the narra- tive prose of the Exodus to monologue or dialogue, overstep...

本文首次对一部犹太古典戏剧《领出去》予以评介，认为这是一部雄浑、悲壮、自豪而充满自信的历史剧，它艺术地展现了以色列人出埃及事件的历史意义；其戏剧艺术主要得益于典范的古希腊戏剧，尤其是雅典的悲剧，剧作家以西结有意识地遵循舞台演出原则，把《出埃及记》中一些无法搬上舞台的叙述性语言转换成人物独白或对话，在幕、场的设置，诗韵的运用等方面对古希腊戏剧既极为模仿又有所突破，大体做到了&犹太躯体与希腊服饰&的合一。

The book dissolves the supposedly marked dichotomy between assimilated and unassimilated Jews in French society by showing how this Franco-Jewish elite was simultaneously active at the highest levels of French professional and administrative life and deeply involved in Jewish cultural life.

这本书通过展示溶解法如何犹太精英之间的吸收和同化的犹太人据说显着的是法国社会的两分法，同时活跃在法国生活的专业和行政的最高水平，并深入参与犹太文化生活。

Instead of replacing the "rulers" who represent the people, he defines new rules for their interaction and tampers with the metaphysical constitution.

罗思一方面继承了美国犹太文学的传统，描写犹太人的生活和他们不幸的命运，另一方面又公开讽刺和反对犹太文学传统，以怪诞的形象和夸张的手法来讽刺美国的社会弊病。

His works are mainly concerned with the lower class people, especially the historical suffering and present predicament of East European Jews and American Jewish immigrants. The ordinary people depicted in Malamud\'s novels are very similar to the schlemiels in traditional Jewish literature. They suffer a lot in their life, and thus want to escape from their shameful past and try to seek a new ideal life. However, they can not break away from their Jewish heritage they once deserted at the bottom of their heart. At last, they learn to live a life of imprisonment and adhere to an ethic of conscience, responsibility, love, and mercy.

他的作品主要以社会最底层的人物作为描写对象，尤其展示了东欧犹太人和美国犹太移民的历史遭遇和现实困境，这些小人物就类似于传统犹太文学当中的傻瓜式人物施勒密尔，他们多灾多难，渴望逃避过去，追求梦想的新生活，但在内心深处与他逃逸的传统无法分割，最终学会生活在一种自我禁锢的环境里，执着于良知、责任感、怜悯、和爱。

While that was going on, the Zionists in Germany, who represented the Zionists from Eastern Europe, went to the British War Cabinet and -- I am going to be brief because it's a long story, but I have all the documents to prove any statement that I make -- they said: Look here. You can yet win this war.

与此同时，德国的犹太复国主义者，代表来自东欧的犹太复国主义者，去到英国的战时内阁，--我将简略地说，因为这是一个很长的故事，但是我有证明我所做的任何陈述的所有文件--他们说：听着，你们还可以赢得这场战争。

Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora （the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel）, the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.

虽然从历史的观点上来说，有一个可辨别的犹太法律缺口在主权国的犹太人和离散犹太人（在以色列胜利后游散的犹太人）之间，但是在后来面一部分旧圣经中的法律事件的精神与犹太法典的极为接近。这部法典是游散的犹太人法律的最初版本

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。