犹太的

Martin Buber was an Austrian-Israeli Jewish existentialist philosopher. He was born in Vienna in 1878, broke with traditional Jewish religious customs at an early age, and joined the Zionist movement in 1898. He soon distanced himself from direct involvement when he joined the Jewish Hasidism movement, preferring the latter's spirituality to Zionism's politics; Buber posited a spiritual and cultural basis to the Jewish nation-state. He wrote his influential essay I and Thou in 1923 and, along with Franz Rosenzweig, translated the Torah into German. He resigned from his professorship in 1933 to protest Hitler's rise to power, and his Central Office for Jewish Adult Education worked to circumvent discriminatory Nazi legislation.

马丁布伯，奥地利—以色列人、犹太教存在主义哲学家。1878年出生于维也纳，早年与传统的犹太教习俗决裂。1898年加入犹太复国主义运动，但很快便与该运动保持距离，转向投身犹太教哈西德主义运动，因为他更喜欢哈西德运动的精神追求，而非犹太复国主义运动的政治。1923年，马丁布伯撰写了颇具影响力的论文《我和你》，并与弗朗茨罗森茨威格合作，将摩西五经翻译成德文。1933年，为了抗议希特勒上台，布伯辞去了教授职位，他创立的犹太成人教育中心办公室努力避免纳粹的歧视性立法。1938年布伯被迫前往在英属巴勒斯坦管治之下的耶路撒冷。

It is a key category of Jewish culture and the Hebrew Bible; Meanwhile, it exerts important influences on both the Judaic life style and the Jewish culture.

约观念是犹太文化及希伯来圣经中的核心观念和重要范畴，在犹太文化和希伯来圣经中占据着重要的地位；同时对犹太人的生活方式以及犹太思想文化也产生了深刻的影响。

E. ,"knowing the past, grasping the meaning of the past, and then acquiring freedom", the prototype of which just is that of the repentance of Judaic-Christianity, i. e.,"confessing to God, converting to God through contrition, and then being absolved by the grace from God". In addition to the recollection of psychoanalysis, another essential conception of it, transference, is also deeply rooted in the repentance of Judaic-Christianity, more adequately, in the principle of solidarism, the foundation of which is the idea of love of God.

弗洛伊德的心理分析理论与圣经传统的关系之究竟，正在于犹太—基督教的"忏悔"理念：弗洛伊德心理分析理论的内在机制"认识过去—获得自由"之"回忆观"，正是犹太—基督教"忏悔观"的现代翻版；弗洛伊德心理分析理论的另一核心理念"移情"，就根植于由犹太—基督教的"忏悔"理念所引出的"罪责共负"原则之中，同时也是由作为"忏悔"之前提的"爱理念"所引出的"爱的责任共负"原则在现代的曲折表达。

Modern Zionism is concerned with the development and support of the state of Israel.

犹太复国运动19世纪后期，犹太人在欧洲发起的旨在巴勒斯坦重建犹太国的有组织的运动，现代的犹太复国主义与以色列国家的发展和支持有关系

Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.

尽管在历史上古代以色列主权国家的犹太法和离散时期的犹太法存在着明显的断裂，旧约后部分的一些法律问题的精神与塔木德经－一种离散时期犹太法的主要经籍－的非常相近。

There is a large Jewish community, too, many of them Lubavitcher, with kosher butcxmfish and delicatessens, a large religious school and synagogue, close to the Medina Hammam Center and African grill restaurants like Le Marcory.

这里，有个大的犹太社区，还有很多犹太教派成员、犹太小贩和犹太熟食店，同时，还有一个大的宗教学校和犹太教会堂，类似于阿拉伯Medina Hammam中心，而Le Marcory则象非洲的烧烤餐馆。

The Zionist movement arose to restore the Jews to Israel, largely ignoring the existing Arab population. Following the Balfour Declaration in 1917, Palestine was granted to Britain as a League of Nations mandate to build a national home for the Jewish people.

在本世纪初兴起的犹太复国主义运动无视该地区居住大量阿拉伯人的事实，以收复犹太国为他们的目的。1917年签订的《贝尔福宣言》授权英国统治巴勒斯坦，英国则支持在巴勒斯坦建立一个&犹太民族之家&。

In 1967, it was the Jewish state's third major aggressive war that grew out of the founding of Zionism in 1897 by Theodor Herzl aiming to establish a permanent Jewish state.

在1967年，这是这个犹太国家的第三个大的那场侵略战争的前身的成立犹太复国主义者在1897年由Theodor的赫茨尔旨在建立一个常设犹太国家。

Meanwhile, this thesis combines the setup and development of his political Zionism with Palestine-Israeli conflicts, reveals their relation, gives a practical meaning to the theme of the thesis and shows an objective valuation of Herzl and his Zionism.

同时，本文将把赫茨尔创立和发展的政治犹太复国主义与巴以冲突的问题联系起来，揭示赫茨尔政治犹太复国主义运动与巴以冲突之间的关联性，突出选题的现实意义，并尽可能对赫茨尔及其犹太复国主义做出客观的评价。

Herzl was the one who set up Zionism. In the end of the 19~ century, the movement of political Zionism, as a token of national awareness, found its great resonance among Jews all over the world.

赫茨尔是政治犹太复国主义的创立者。19世纪末，政治犹太复国主义运动作为犹太民族意识觉醒的一个标志在世界范围的犹太人群体中引起了巨大共鸣。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。