状态变换

This text tries to research from the concept of logistics" and it is in our current development condition;" Logistics" is the person whom a the economy that kind is all new operation mode reflect to acculturate the exaltation of the degree; Make use of the mark thinks to develop the three greatest appearances theories concerning the person, to the economic condition of merchandise first the person"s existence appearance of analytical wait three aspects, made the first step investigation to the " logistics" and the persons acculturation degree.

由"物流"这一企业经济运作模式所反映的人类当代生存的"物化"与"社会化"状态只是人类历史发展到一定阶段的产物，随着社会生产的发展，科学技术的进步，人类必将摆脱"物化"这一生存状态而达至人的全面发展。市场经济时代的"物流"实践呈现出科技化及强化人的"物化"倾向的趋势，这些趋势是人的"物质变换"水平提高的表现，但同时也蕴含着破坏人与社会和谐发展的危险因素，需要加以警惕和控制。但是，在人"以物的依赖性为基础的独立性阶段"，只有通过发展"物"的方式才能为人的自我依赖阶段提供坚实的物质基础。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Lagrange interpolation focus on the application of the formula .The comparison between the method of Transform and that of Lagrange's interpolation formula in square matrix form is made. Also the form of Lagrange's interpolation formula is generalized to include the double root case.The application of the generalized lagrange's interpolation formula in square matrix to solving state equations is found to be effective.

重点介绍了Lagrange插值公式在状态方程求解中的应用，用对角矩阵及相似矩阵的性质证明了，当状态转移矩阵中方阵的特征根相异时，拉格朗日插值公式与Laplace变换法对表达具有一致性，并用极限方法对方阵含二重根时拉格朗日插值公式的应用进行了推导。

A state estimation algorithm based on Y-matrix is proposed. The method of equivalent current measurement transformation is adopted in power system state estimation for different types of measurement in transmission and distribution systems.

提出一种基于导纳矩阵方程的状态估计方法，针对输电系统和配电系统不同的量测类型，采用等效电流量测变换技术进行电力系统状态估计。

This method is derived from the equivalent current measurement transformation of practical measurements from the measuring system and changing corresponding weight coefficient of measurement according to the theory of error propagation.

中文摘要：针对输电系统和配电系统量测类型多样性及传统状态估计算法的不足，讨论并发展了一种基于等效电流量测变换的状态估计及坏数据检测与辨识方法。

Calibration of discretionary lane changing model based on close-range photogrammetry;2. In order to solve the problem that Gipps lane changing framework calculation is inefficient in lane changing model,a vehicle moving framework based on finite state automaton was proposed.

为了解决车道变换模型中采用Gipps换道框架计算效率不高的问题，提出了一种车辆行驶的有限状态自动机框架，该框架能够容纳选择性换道和强制性换道，使驾驶员从当前状态出发进行局部决策。

In Chapter 4, we not only give a new definition of fuzzy finite automata, of which the state transition accords with a compound fuzzy transition, but also present an important conclusion that the coarsest respecting compound fuzzy transition partition of states is same with the coarsest equivalent partition. In the discussion of coarsest partition, we give an algorithm respecting compound fuzzy transition which would be applied to get the coarsest respecting compound fuzzy transition partition.

第四章根据分明自动机的等价分类，通过重新定义模糊自动机识别过程，使得模糊自动机的识别过程与一个合成模糊变换一致，而且得到了尊重合成模糊变换的最粗分类即为状态集的最粗等价分类这一重要结论。

Then the paper presents a novel-working mode of Boost-Forward single-stage Power Factor Correctors based on the analysis. And get the principle of the conduction mode and the method to control the voltage of the buck capacitor after the analysis of the boundary mode of the PFC converter and the DC-DC converter.

在此基础上，本文首次提出了一种全新的临界工作模式下的单级功率因数校正电路，在对PFC变换器及DC/DC变换器工作在连续及不连续的边界条件进行了讨论后，得出了电路工作状态的精确解并提出了控制储能电容电压的临界点工作方式。

Via basic and descriptor adverse transformation of matrix, an equivalent standard linear system is derived. Sufficient and necessary conditions are established for observers with disturbance decoupling and LTR in systems. Analysis showed that the necessary and sufficient condition for observers with LTR is disturbance decoupling to any undnown inputs. So it is con verted to the problem that observers are designed with disturbance decoupling.

通过矩阵的初等变换和广义逆变换，将非方广义系统等价地转化为正常状态空间的广义线性系统，并运用有关定理给出观测器具有干扰解耦和环路复现特性的充要条件，经分析可知，系统具有环路复现特性的充要条件是系统对于任何未知输入干扰解耦，则具有环路复现特性的干扰解耦观测器的设计问题转化为系统关于任何扰动都是解耦的。

So a novel driving scheme for Synchronous Rectification in CCM flyback converter is proposed in this paper; and it can be applied to the flyback converter in the CCM operation and wide input voltage range application. The new driving scheme possesses simple、cost-effective and high efficiency property.

本文深入地分析同步整流反激变换器稳态工作模式，结合峰值电流控制策略，应用状态空间平均方法，建立反激变换器的小信号模型；并依据建立的小信号模型，对控制电路进行优化设计；计算机仿真和实验验证理论预期。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了