状态变换

In order to eliminate the influence caused by the nonminimum phase characteristic of a common Boost DC／DC converter, Viswanathan K has proposed a novel tristate Boost DC／DC converter. For enhancing performance, the statespace averaging model of this converter was first presented in this paper. Due to the nonlinear nature in this model, an inputoutput feedback linearization technique was adopted, and a complete controllable linear system was obtained. Then a statefeedback control strategy was designed based on this linear system. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can assure constant output voltage in a wide range, so as to realize the stability of the system during large fluctuation of power supply and load disturbance. Good dynamic performance can also be achieved.

针对 Viswanathan K为消除普通BOOST DC／DC变换器的非最小相位特性而提出的三态Boost DC／DC变换器，为进一步提高这种电路拓扑的性能，在建立了变换器状态空间平均模型的基础上，针对其多变量、非线性特点，采用输入输出线性化将其转化为一个完全可控的线性系统，在此基础上应用现有成熟的线性控制策略进行了控制系统的设计，并且采用MATLAB进行仿真验证，结果表明：这种非线性控制策略可以确保输出电压在大范围内恒定可调，且即使存在大范围扰动(输入电压和负载变化均较大)的情况下，系统也可以确保稳定性和良好的动态性能。

The article makes a comparison among different types of bus, bus transmission signal and several familiar topologies of front-end converters and load-end converters. Finally, the half bridge converter with full-wave rectifier based on the high-frequency parallel-type AC bus bar is chosen as circuit structure and optimized. The working mode under different condition of the circuit is analyzed and a mathematical model is set up under continuous current mode. Simulation result is used as comparison.

通过对比不同类型的母线、母线传输信号以及各种常见的前端变换器拓扑和负载变换器拓扑，确定了基于并联型高频交流母线的半桥变换器加全波整流作为电路拓扑，并优化了电路的结构，分析了基于不同工作状态下的电路结构并建立电流连续模式的数学模型，并与软件仿真结果进行对比。

For the linear discrete stochastic descriptor systems with multisensor, using me smgu, ar value decomposition, it is transformed into two reduced order subsystems, and a new fusion method of constructing the original state fuser based on the transformed state fuser is presented.

对于带多传感器的广义线性离散随机系统，应用奇异值分解，将其变换为等价的两个降阶多传感器子系统，提出了基于变换后的状态融合器构造原始状态融合器的新的融合方法。

A relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is discussed and it is found that the first law of thermodynamics and the equation of state of an ideal gas are invariant with respect to the relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates , so that the existence of relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is reasonable.

讨论了一个涉及热力学的广义坐标的相对论变换，发现热力学第一定律和理想气体状态方程对广义坐标的相对论变换具有不变性，表明广义坐标的相对论变换有其存在的理由

To develop Linear Fractional Transformation model based on quasi-linear model for ground-to-air missile, state transformation method was used to establish quasi-Linear Parameter Varying model for missile longitudinal short-period dynamics by changing missile states along with an equilibrium trajectory decided by time-varying parameters. Based on the obtained quasi-LPV model, the LFT model of the missile was developed by use of MATLAB functions, and the missile dynamics were explicitly separated into certainty part and time-varying parameter part.

为了建立基于准线性化模型的地空导弹线性分式变换模型，采用状态替换方法将导弹的状态沿着一条由时变参数决定的平衡点轨迹进行变换，建立了纵向短周期动力学的准线性参数时变模型；基于所建立的准LPV模型，采用MATLAB函数建立了导弹的LFT模型，将导弹动力学明确描述为确定性部分和时变参数部分。

The identification of the PWL model includes two steps. First, obtain the polyhedral partition of the regression space based on a new fuzzy G-K clustering technique. In each cluster, the nonconsecutive parts of the input and output data that correspond to one of the local linear sub-models can be used to obtain the system matrices.

放松了混杂PWL系统辨识对切换已知要求的限制，在子模型辨识的同时考虑基于模糊G-K聚类的多区域划分，使用本质不连续的测量数据辨识PWL状态空间模型，并将辨识得到的状态序列变换到统一的状态空间内。

A process for partial conversion and low-temp transform of CO in the synthetic ammonia plant where coal is used to generate gas features that the Fe-Mo catalyst for partial conversion of CO, anti-poisoning agent and Co-Mo catalyst for low-temp conversion are used and the temp of semi-water gas is controlled to 200-260 deg.C at entering anti-poisoning layer, and 150-250 deg.C at the segments of said Co-Mo catalyst layer, and lower than 300 deg.C at bed layer to prevent high-temp reversal of sulfurizing reaction and make the catalyst activity optimal. Its advantages are long service life of catalyst, low system resistance, saving energy and convenient operation.

本发明是中小合成氨厂以一种CO部分转化抗毒保护层配低温变换的工艺，涉及煤造气合成氨厂0.6～2.0MPa半水煤气变换工艺流程，该工艺用铁－钼CO部分转化催化剂、抗毒剂，配钴－钼低变催化剂，半水煤气进入部分转化抗毒层温度为200～260℃，进钴－钼低变催化剂各段温度为150～250℃，床层温度控制在300℃以内，避免高温下反硫化反应发生，保护催化剂活性处最佳状态，寿命延长、系统阻力小、节汽、节电，具有比其他变换工艺更好地节能效果，操作方便，有效生产时间长，经济效益显著等特点。

Through the SPCE061A programming, this design requests us use the single chip microcomputer, PLC or other components to control the LED digital tube and the double color LED lamp on the traffic light control panel, enable the system to have the following functions: The four intersections of the crossroad all have double color LED (gives out red light and green light, superimposes for yellow light) to demonstrate the condition of every channel on the intersections; Each intersection has two digital tubes to demonstrate current traffic light countdown; use the button or other way to simulate the counting of the traffic flow volume.

设计要求通过SPCE061A的编程，使用单片机、PLC或其他器件来控制交通灯控制板上的LED数码管以及双色LED灯，使系统具有以下功能：十字路口的四个路口都有双色 LED （发红、绿光，叠加为黄色光）显示各路口的各条通道状态；每个路口有两位数码管显示当前红绿灯的倒计时；可利用按键或其它的方式模拟对车流量的计数；有四种工作状态：正常工作状态、紧急工作状态、设置状态和查询状态；红绿灯变换时有语音提示；查询时，可语音播报当前路况。

Due to conducted or radiated EMI from inner or outer coupling circuits,breathing can exist in current-mode controlled Boost converter.It exhibits as a time-bifurcation undergoing regular period-1,subharmonics and chaos orderly and repeatedly for a long period.

本文揭示了在电流模式控制Boost变换器中，由于存在内部或外部耦合电路引起的传导和辐射干扰，使得有可能产生呼吸现象，这是一种以较长的周期按顺序交替历经规则、分谐波和混沌状态的时间分叉现象，在功率变换电路中是一种非正常的工作状态。

First,the 3-d dynamic equations in cylindrical coordinate for transversely isotropic saturated soil were transformed into a group of governing differential equations with 1-order by the technique of Fourier expanding with respect to azimuth,and the state equation was established by Hankel integral transform method,furthermore the transfer matrixes within layered media were deriv...

首先，通过方位角的Fourier变换，将圆柱坐标系下横观各向同性饱和土的三维动力方程转化为一阶常微分方程组，基于径向Hankel变换，建立问题的状态方程，求解状态方程后得到传递矩阵；其次，利用传递矩阵，结合层状饱和地基的边界条件、排水条件及层间接触和连续条件，给出了任意简谐激振力作用下层状横观各向同性饱和地基动力响应的通解；然后，按混合边值问题建立层状饱和地基上弹性圆板非轴对称振动的对偶积分方程，并将对偶积分方程化为易于数值计算的第二类Fredholm积分方程，并给出了算例。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了