状态

For each intermediate and terminating state in the trellis there is a most probable path to that state.

对于每一个中间状态和结束状态都有一个最有可能的路径到达该状态。

By exploring such challenges,this paper introduced state transition graph, based on which an algorithm was proposed to retrieve Ajax states and the background Deep Web.

为此，首先定义Ajax应用的状态转换图，并设计了一种基于状态转换图的Ajax爬行算法，通过该算法可以获取Ajax应用状态信息和后台Deep Web资源。

Two states of Markov chains are discussed using state transition matrix in this paper.

本文利用状态转移矩阵，对两个状态的马氏链进行讨论，推出n步转移矩阵、遍历状态及任一时刻马氏链的概率法则，并应用到具体问题讨论它的实际意义。

In the DDMRS-GARCH model, the transition probability of the volatility state variable is not only related to the volatility state, but also to the duration of the volatility state.

在DDMRS-GARCH模型中，波动状态之间的转移概率不仅与波动所处的状态有关，而且与波动状态持续的时间有关。

In addition, total wheel/rail contact calculation with divided rail outline method are raised. Under the condition of considering the displacement, bouncing, yaw, roll of wheelsets and displacement, bouncing, roll of rails, minimum gap between rail and wheel were calculated by the trochoid method and divided rail outline method, we can easily judge totally real contact states of the wheel/rail such as normal one-point contact, nonnormal one-point contact, two-point contact and wheel complete lift. Wheel/rail normal forces in the two contact point are respectively calculated by nonlinear Hertz contact theory, and then, result of simulation more close to reality on actual track.

另外，提出了轨廓分区法全面计算轮轨接触状态法，在考虑轮对的横移、浮沉、摇头、侧滚和左右钢轨的横移、浮沉、侧滚的条件下，可全面地分别计算左右侧轨顶和轨侧区域与车轮的最小轮轨间隙量，以此来判断轮轨的真实接触状态：正常的一点接触、非正常的一点接触、两点接触和车轮完全悬浮，并根据非线性赫兹接触理论分别求得两接触点处的轮轨法向力，从而使仿真结果更接近于车辆在实际线路上的运行状态。

In this paper a Nonlinear Variable Dimension Estimator is proposed for tracking maneuvering spacecraft. Two process models were incorporated by the Unscented Kalman Filter to account for the dynamic uncertainties of the target of interest: a nonmaneuvering model based on the two body problem and a maneuvering model taking the forced acceleration as the unknown system input to be estimated.

当飞行器处于无机动的巡航状态时，无色卡尔曼滤波器使用常规的二体问题模型描述其运动规律，而当飞行器被认为开始机动后，滤波器将扩展系统的状态空间，将机动加速度作为状态变量进行估计，从而增加了模型的适应性。

It was concluded that the photosynthesis and carbon budget of Ulva lactuca under aquatic state differed from that under aerial state, and such difference was associated with the conditions of ambient temperature and water statues of thalli.

认为石蒓在低潮气生状态下与在高潮水生状态下光合特性及净碳固定存在差异，但这种差异与环境温度及叶状体的水分状态有关。

Meanwhile, this paper makes a rewarding attempt to analyze three dimensional Biots consolidation of saturated multi-layered soils in an uncouple state variables, namely, translating one set of state variables of 8 order into a simpler form including two sets of state variables of 6 order and 2 order, respectively, by introducing intermediate variables.

其次，本文还对横观各向同性层状饱和地基三维空间Biot固结问题的解法做了一些有益的尝试，即通过引入中间变量，将由原来8个耦合状态量表述三维空间Biot固结问题解耦为一组由6个耦合状态量和一组由2个耦合状态量表述的该问题相对比较简单的形式。

All objects always keep uniform motion or stationary, unless the force acting on it make it change that.

一切物体总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态，除非作用在它上面的力迫使它改变这种状态。

The main contents are as follows.1 For the state control problem in closed quantum systems, according to the distance between states, the error between states and the average value of an imaginary mechanical quantity, three Lyapunov functions are chosen, respectively. The corresponding control law designs and the convergence analyses are studied. Especially, for the Lyapunov function based on the distance between states, a class of control laws that can solve the problem that an initial state is orthogonal to a goal state is designed. The convergence of the system is analyzed via LaSalle\'s principle and one method to find the largest invariant set of the closed loop system is proposed by linearizing the unitary evolution operator at the corresponding instants.

在这一背景下，本论文在指出研究量子系统控制的必要性、回顾量子系统控制理论和方法的研究现状的基础上，从控制理论的角度研究Lyapunov理论和最优控制理论对于封闭量子系统的应用以及开放系统中的若干问题，主要内容包含以下几个方面。1针对封闭量子系统中的状态控制问题，根据状态间的距离、状态间的偏差、一个虚拟力学量的均值，分别选择三种Lyapunov函数进行相应的控制律设计和收敛性分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。