犯罪行为

The Pagan religion indeed, which prohibited only some of the grosser crimes, and which stopped the hand but meddled not with the heart, might have crimes that were inexpiable; but a religion which bridles all the passions; which is not more jealous of actions than of thoughts and desires; which holds us not by a few chains but by an infinite number of threads; which, leaving human justice aside, establishes another kind of justice; which is so ordered as to lead us continually from repentance to love, and from love to repentance; which puts between the judge and the criminal a greater mediator, between the just and the mediator a great judge — a religion like this ought not to have inexpiable crimes.

事实上异教只是禁止几种重大的罪行，它们阻止人的行为却不进入人的内心，所以很可能产生不可救赎的罪行；但是一种将所有的激情都系上缰绳的宗教；它对思想和欲望的戒备如同对行为的戒备；它不是通过几条铁链来托住我们而不让我们堕落，它用的是无数的丝；它将人类自认为的正义搁置一边，建立起了另一种正义；它是如此有秩序的引导我们持续的从悔改到爱，并从爱到悔改；它在法官与犯罪者之间建立了一个更大的裁判者，在正当行为和裁判者之间建立了一个伟大的法官——这样的宗教应该就不会有不可救赎的罪了。

The behavior according to victim's commitment could be justified act with both side items that are justifiability of the commitment and the act.

基于被害人承诺的行为只有满足了承诺正当和行为正当两方面的成立要件，才能作为正当行为不成立犯罪。

The research on German theory of crime has undergone several stages such as classical theory, theory of act of cause, and theory of act of purpose. The character of it is to use trichotomy to analyze acts: conformity of important constructive conditions, illegality, and culpability.

德国犯罪理论研究经历了古典理论、原因行为理论、目的行为理论、目的理性论数个阶段，其最具特色之处在于分析行为时采用的三分法：行为构成要件符合性、违法性和罪责。

Consequently,all aspects of the society can accept the banning measures against cult organizations;from a perspective of history,it compares the differences of the state and church relations between china and western countries and points out that there is no seperation of church and state in china.what's more,the state power has a leading and controlling influence on religion,which has an impact on the prevention and control policies in china and thus forms the deviation between china and western countries in this issue.secondly,it briefly analyzes the present prevention and control measures in china,and proposes that we should replace "cult" with "dangerous beliefs" in legal documents,and the government should balance the relationship between fighting against dangerous beliefs and safeguarding freedom of religion and prudently adopts the banning measures;lastly ,it gives some suggestions such as establishing the principles of prudently using criminal law against cult behavior,protecting fundamental rights of cult believers,and improving legislation ,sticking to the ultimacy of criminal law,improving registering system of religious groups,helping the religious groups step out the underground situation,and long term research and study on cult,combining fighting and regulating.

其次，对我国目前的邪教犯罪防控措施进行了简要的评析，提出在法律文件中改变"邪教"称谓，代之以"危险信仰"，和政府在反邪教斗争中应平衡打击危险信仰犯罪和保障宗教信仰自由的关系，慎重采取取缔措施；最后，对当前邪教犯罪活动的防控提出了几点建议，主要包括：确立对邪教行为慎用刑法、保障邪教人员各项基本权利的原则，完善立法，坚持刑法调整的最后性，完善宗教团体登记管理制度，使宗教社团走出地下状态，对我国邪教情况进行长期的调查研究，打击与监控相结合等五点建议。

Crimization refers to classing non-crime conduct into crime in law and making it punished according to the criminal law.

犯罪化又被称为入罪化，是指将不是犯罪的行为在法律上作为犯罪，使其成为刑事制裁的对象。

With the society progress,vehicles are used more and more prevalent,because of it,traffic accidents increase quickly,criminal law regards man who makes severe traffic accidents as crimes.and then punish the man by crimial law.but, actually,identify criminal suspect lying on evidences that someone has destroyed individul properties and made accidents which are significant for criminating and measuring crimes.whilst,when progressing in investigating judicial practices of criminal suspects,there are lots of same criminal conditions.for this , should be identifed clearly.

随着社会的发展，交通工具的使用越来越普及，随之而来的是交通事故大幅度增长。刑法对严重的交通肇事行为确认为犯罪，对行为人进行刑事处罚。但是在现实中，对交通肇事涉嫌犯罪的初步认定依赖于对人员伤亡、财产损失以及事故责任的认定。而这些因素对犯罪嫌疑人的定罪与量刑具有决定性的意义。同时，在对交通肇事进行刑事追究的司法实践中，存在诸多与交通肇事罪发生竞合的情形，对此也应进行明晰。

Contemporary penalty theory in the world has transited to modern education penalty from retribution penalty.

报应刑是以犯罪者的个人责任为前提、为基础的，其理论核心是着眼于犯罪的客观行为，而不论实施犯罪者的个人情况。

The theory of criminal law in-being and the criminal law generally accepted the "Viewpoint that the abettors is subsidiary to each other", which insists that the abettors is subsidiary to the actors who committed the crime.

通过研究&共同犯罪中止&问题，我们强调共同犯罪中止只能及于实施中止行为的行为人本身，并提出了共同犯罪中止过程中行为人独立成罪的处理原则。

If offenders were risk preferrers, this implies that the real income of offenders would be lower, at the margin, than the incomes they could receive in less risky legal activities, and coversely if they were risk avoiders.

照这个分析，偏好风险的犯罪者应该不会选择从事这样一项不合法的行为，因为他犯罪所获得的实际收入比起不犯罪来说要少，或者说在less risky legal activities的状态下。

Embezzlement is a separate crime; but because of the different traditions of different countries, they give different meaning to this crime in its legislation thereof. As to our criminal code, the character of official, willingly, privacy, secrecy, social danger and criminal illigality is ascribed to this crim.

挪用行为是一个独立的行为样态，但由于各国不同的犯罪论体系、文化背景、经济状况、立法背景，所以挪用实行行为的内涵、特征、本质也不相同，我国的挪用实行行为具有职务性、擅自性、私利性、秘密性、社会危害性与刑事违法性的特征，本质上具有法益侵害性、排除社会相当性、刑事违法性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。