犯罪的

Ancient understanding in complicity can be traced back to 3,000 years in China.

在中国古代对共同犯罪的认识可以追溯到三千年前，到了唐代，对共同犯罪制度又有了进一步的发展，明确提出了共同犯罪的定义，并详细规定了关于共同犯罪的种类、共犯人的分类及各自的责任、处罚原则等，使封建刑法的共犯制度趋于完整。

The paper, combined with definition of corruption crime, deprival of the profits from corruption, prescription of the international cooperation on anti-corruption in the "United Nations Convention against corruption "which is the first formal document of the United Nations guided the strive of anti-corruption, and crime of corruption, combating money laundering and the extensive crime prescribed in the domestic law of the States Parties to the "United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime", and international judicial assistance on basis of this convention, analyze the legislation of anti-corruption, existence of anti-corruption bodies, law enforcement and investigation cooperation under the background of China participation in international conventions.

重点结合作为联合国历史上第一部指导国际反腐败斗争的法律文件《联合国反腐败公约》中对腐败犯罪的界定、腐败利益的剥夺及反腐败国际合作问题的规定，以及《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》要求各缔约国在其国内法中将腐败行为、洗钱行为及其最广泛的上游犯罪规定为犯罪，并在此基础上开展国际司法合作，对中国在参与国际公约的背景下进行反腐立法、反腐机构的设置、执法及调查合作进行分析。

Because of the legislative difference among the mainland,Hongkong and Macao, a series of problems has been aroused.It is necessary to enhance inter-regional co-operation in anti-money-laundering,including a reasonable determination of the criminal jurisdiction,the interlocal co-operative investigation of individual cases,the mutual extradition,and the confiscation of the money-laundering incomes,etc.

由于内地与港澳刑法对洗钱罪的立法差异，给打击跨法域的洗钱犯罪提出一系列的问题，内地与港澳共同合作打击跨境洗钱犯罪势在必行，包括合理确定跨境洗钱犯罪的刑事管辖权、拓展区际个案协查、促进三地间相互移交逃犯、加强洗钱犯罪收益的没收等四个方面。

In addition,there is a kind of close relation between the community correction of juvenile delinquent and harmonious society constructing,which are corresponding in some degree.

从犯罪学观点而言，有社会的存在就有犯罪的出现，但是，和谐社会与其他社会尤其是混乱社会所不同的是，即使有犯罪，犯罪也应该控制在比较低的比率上。

As such legislation has just come into effect and relevant cases in practice are rare, the judiciary are unfamiliar with this crime, Furthermore, due to the lack of corresponding practical experience, and the wide-ranging scope of this crime which involves penology, finance and criminology as well as the fact that our country hasnt had special anti-money laundering legislation and special financial supervision measures, punishment on and prevention of the crime of money laundering in our country are still in the preliminary stage.

但是，由于我国在反洗钱立法方面才刚刚起步，在司法实践中鲜有案例，司法界对之也感觉陌生，缺乏相应的司法实践经验，加之洗钱犯罪所涉及的领域非常广泛，包括刑法学、金融学、犯罪学等交叉学科领域，而我国尚没有专门针对反洗钱犯罪的专门立法和金融监管措施，使得我国的洗钱犯罪的惩治与预防尚处于摸索经验的初级阶段。

The second chapter analyzes the present situation and forming cause of white-collar crime and Chinese white-collar occupational crime, computer crime and organized crime at present, and points out the grim situation of white-collar crime in our country and its serious social perniciousness.

对我国现阶段的白领职业犯罪、计算机犯罪和公司组织犯罪的现状进行了初步分析，通过案例分析和实证资料相结合的方法，指出了我国现阶段白领犯罪的严峻形势和严重的社会危害性。

Increase continuously along with the middle unit smuggle activity of 80's in 20 centuries, in order to stop these units smuggle behavior, on February 22 in 1987 the National Peoples Congress promulgation of 《 the People's Republic of China maritime customs method 》 uncovered the prologue of the unit crime lawmaking, rule the unit and can become the crime corpus that smuggles the offense, later on, in many lists execute criminal the matter law, and then ruled the unit and can become the concrete criminal crime corpus.

随着二十世纪八十年代中期单位走私活动的不断增加，为遏止这些单位走私行为，1987年2月22日全国人大颁布的《中华人民共和国海关法》揭开了单位犯罪立法的序幕，规定了单位可以成为走私罪的犯罪主体，随后，在许多单行刑事法律中，又规定了单位可以成为具体犯罪的犯罪主体。

With society's development, the minor illegal crime question receives people's universal attention more and more.In view of the minor illegal crime phenomenon, people have taking the corresponding prevention and measure, that have be becoming vistal to prevent the youth offenses .

摘 要：随着社会的发展，未成年人违法犯罪问题越来越受到人们的普遍关注，针对未成年人违法犯罪现象，采取相应的防控措施，防止青少年犯罪成为社会控制未成年人违法犯罪的必须。

Since the economical aim of criminal law is defined as minimizing the social costs of crime, the best overawing to the crime should search the balance between the social net loss of the crime and the costs of prevention.

既然刑法的经济目标被确定为最小化犯罪的社会成本，那么对犯罪的最优威慑就应当在犯罪的社会净损失和预防犯罪的成本之间寻求均衡。

With the constantly developing market economy, the concept of corporate crime was gradually introduced into criminal law of nations worldwide.

单位犯罪是与自然人犯罪相对的犯罪。随着商品经济的不断发展，单位犯罪的概念逐渐被引进各国的刑法领域。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。