犯罪的

The abettor is the human who advises instigates others crime.

教唆犯是指教唆别人犯罪的人。

In this paper, I clarify my some views for some issues including the relationship between nonfeasance and feasance, the essential of nonfeasance crimes, feasance obligation for nonfeasance executant,and classification of nonfeasance.

本文主要是针对解决不作为犯罪的诸多问题提出的，阐述了本人关于作为与不作为的关系、不作为犯罪的行为性、不作为的作为义务和不作为的分类等问题的观点，并对此进行了深入的探讨。

With the help of Prof. Wang Zuofu's viewpoint of the modified crime constitution of identity crime in co-crime in his "New study on identity and crime constitution ", the author demonstrates that identity is not the subject element of crime constitution of identity crime in co-crime.

第三部分，笔者在借鉴众多学者的研究成果的基础上，深入的探讨了不同身份者共同实施身份犯的认定；无身份者与有身份者共同实施身份犯的认定；有身份者教唆、帮助无身份者实施犯罪的认定；无身份者教唆、帮助有身份者实施真正身份犯的犯罪的认定等问题。

This paper believes that most prominent strength of Trust Principle is to assign responsibility under complex interpersonal relationship and further, to establish the social responsibility and mutual sense of duty to effectively prevent occurrence of unpremeditated crime.

本文认为，信赖原则是在变化了的社会现实背景下改进过失犯罪认定原理的方向之一，其最大的优点在于可以在错综复杂的人类关系中理性的分配注意义务，从而建立起人类的社会责任感，共同责任心，有力地防止危险领域或分业领域中过失犯罪的发生，在危害结果出现后也可以合理地划分各个行为人的责任。

A great number of private prosecution cases still need go through the three steps including investigation, prosecution and trial. Thus, the idea of justice and efficiency pursued bythe judiciary is too far from the actual practice on the light crimes in China. It is quite necessary, therefore, to absorb the rational factors in foreign criminal proceeding institutions on solving the light crime cases into the provisions on private prosecution in Chinas criminal proceeding law, and promote the application in judicial practice, and finally perfect and renovate them in the level of institution design.Establishment of reconciliation cesser secta axiom.

综上，虽然我国刑诉法及相关解释规定了8类轻微刑事案件可以自诉，但在实践中由于种种原因，真正通过自诉的途径解决的案件却微乎其微，大量的可以自诉的轻微犯罪案件仍需经过侦查、起诉、审判三道程序来终结，司法所追求的公正和效率的理念与我国现行对轻微犯罪的规制实践相去甚远，因此，在现有的法律框架内，参照我国刑事诉讼法关于自诉程序的规定，吸收国外刑事诉讼制度中解决轻微刑事案件诉讼效率的合理因素，在司法实践中加以倡导适用、在制度设计上加以完善创新是很有必要：确立和解终结诉讼原则。

On the premise of asserting this crime as the result crime, the writer thought that there exist the abortive state of this crime and the mark that " set about " of abortive state happens should be the time when the committer begins to carry out objective behavior of the insurance fraud crime, and then make a further reasoning from the following two aspects.

在刑罚处罚上应当重视罚金刑的应用，这样可以摧毁犯罪分子再次犯罪的经济基础，破处其有利可图的侥幸心理，并且还是惩罚犯罪单位的最佳手段，另外本文认为，罚金数额的标准应该进一步明确，现行立法应当尽快设立单位罚金的处罚标准，可以采用比例罚金制或者倍比罚金制，对罚金比例或倍数的上限和下限予以具体规定，从而有利于罚金的收缴和执行。

It concludes that the essence of coprincipal lies in the fact that more than two doers regard acts of each counterpart as own ones and mutually utilizes, so as to form a uniform and organic unit and actualize component of special offence. So intention liaison is essential to coprincipal. But there is no reason to confine it to liaison of criminal intent, because it is joint act that is the central element of coprincipal. Intention liaison is only a coupling factor which facilitates joint act and explains whether act is joint. Provided that intention liaison can help to make more than two doers utilize and reinforce mutually so as to form into a uniform and organic unit, we will have full reason to regard the intention liaison as the one in terms of joint crime. Aggregation and filtration is essence of intention liaison.

关于共同正犯中意思联络的检讨，文章从个人责任原则如何在共同犯罪领域贯彻的角度出发，认为共同正犯的本质在于二人以上在具有行为相互认识的基础上，彼此将对方的行为作为自己的行为，并相互利用、相互补充，形成一个统一的有机整体，实现特定犯罪的构成要件，因此，意思联络是成立共同正犯所必需的，但是没有理由将意思联络限定于犯意的联络，因为行为之共同才是共同正犯的核心要素，意思联络只是促成并且说明行为是否共同的一个联结性要素，而不是刑法规范独立的评价对象。

The author explains his understanding and determination on irregular profit, his meditation on seeking irregular profit in the crime of mediatory accepting bribes, and determination on the formed convenient condition by exploiting one"s office of status, the retiring state personnel"s formed convenient condition by exploiting his office of status ,omer state personnels official acts and responsibility etc .

全文共分为三章，内容包括斡旋受贿犯罪的客体，不正当利益、利用职权或地位形成的便利条件，阐述了不正当利益的理解与认定，&谋取不正当利益&在斡旋受贿犯罪中的定位思考，以及利用职权或地位形成的便利条件的理解、认定，离退休国家工作人员利用职务或地位形成的便利条件的认定，其他国家工作人员的职务行为及责任认定等方面。

We should analyze this kind of situation upwards in four aspects: Firstly, if the actions which the non-national official accepts the bribe, are the main factors or playing a dominant role in the process, it would be regarded as common crime. Secondly, whether the family members of national official can constitute the main body of common bribery crime or not, it should be analyzed according to the characteristic and situation of bribery. Thirdly, when national official and company staff accepts bribery together by one"s duty, he should be criminated as the crime quality of the person who commits a crime by his duty. When the national official accepts the bribery by his duty or by his duty and other"s duty together, he should be criminated as bribery crime. But for the company staff, he should be criminated as the bribery crime of non-national official. Fourthly, when the national official asks the briber to send property to the third person, he would be criminated as bribery crime. And it will be analyzed concretely whether the third person is the common bribery crime or not. But the national official who tells the non-national official to ask and accept property should be the common bribery crime.

对非国家工作人员构成共同受贿犯罪的情况从四个方面进行分析：一、非国家工作人员实施收受贿赂的行为如起到支配和控制作用，则构成共同实行犯；二、对国家工作人员家属是否构成共同受贿的主体，应当根据其参与受贿的特点和情形进行分析；三、国家工作人员和公司企业人员利用一方职务共同受贿，应以利用职务便利实施的行为人的犯罪性质定罪，分别利用各自职务和既利用各自职务又利用对方职务共同受贿宜分别定罪，国家工作人员以受贿罪定罪量刑，公司企业人员以非国家工作人员受贿罪定罪量刑；四、国家工作人员指使行贿人将财物送给第三者，国家工作人员的行为应以受贿罪论处，第三者是否成立受贿罪的共犯应当具体情况具体分析，国家工作人员唆使非国家工作人员索取、收受财物的行为应当认定为受贿罪的共同实行犯。

At last, by analyzing the similarities and differences of legislation and judicature systems concerned of foreign country, the article discusses some good defense countermeasure that we should adopt by drawing lessons from the foreign country. Later it analyses providing concerned about criminal law, civil law, maritime law which are related to crime of cheat on L/C and points out the defects our legal system. Following that, it puts forward concrete proposal of legislation and judicature on proposal of legislation and judicature on improving legal system and taking strong measures against the behavior of crime of cheat on L/C. At last the article discusses the way to solve the self梥aving measures that every party should adopt and the concrete measurers that international organization uses to defense against cheat of L/C.

通过对西方国家有关信用证欺诈及其犯罪的立法、司法制度的比较分析，论述我国应该借鉴外国一些有益的防治措施，对我国的刑法、民法、海商法等涉及信用证欺诈的相关规定进行剖析，指出我国信用证欺诈方面法制的不健全之处，对完善我国信用证欺诈的法律体系与打击信用证欺诈犯罪行为提出具体的立法、司法建议；同时探讨信用证欺诈在法律冲突时的解决办法以及各方当事人应该采取的自力性救济措施和国际组织在防治信用证欺诈方面的具体措施。

The X-ray diffract was used to analyze the crystal structure of the composite. Results show that after the talc was treated with blend coupling agent, the crystal structure of talc changed, and effect Intercalation phenomenon.

通过X射线衍射分析可知，用混合偶联剂对滑石粉进行预处理后，滑石粉晶体结构发生改变，产生了插层现象，使PP／滑石粉复合材料为纳米复合材料。

An authentic Maui wedding might require the services of a 'kahu', which is a Hawaiian minister.

毛伊可能需要一个真实婚礼服务'kahu'，这是夏威夷部长。