犯罪学

From the research view of criminology, Beccaria has made meaningful research into the measure standard, the causes and prevention of crimes. His research offers a helpful reference for our further exploration of criminology.

从犯罪学的研究角度上，贝卡利亚进行了有益地探索，主要体现在犯罪的衡量标准、犯罪原因以及犯罪的预防三大方面，为我们后世进行犯罪学理论的学习和研究提供了有益的借鉴和参考。

Objective To explore the criminological characteristics and characteristics of demography of violent offenders in forensic psychiatry assessment.

目的探讨法医精神病学鉴定中精神障碍患者涉嫌暴力犯罪的犯罪学和人口学特征。

It is undoubtedly correct to theoretically differentiate criminological concept of crime from criminal juristic concept of crime, but it should not be a reason for abandoning the study of crime constitution in criminology .

对犯罪学的犯罪概念和刑法学的犯罪概念作理论区分是正确的，但这不应该成为犯罪学研究中丢弃犯罪构成问题的理由。

In order to effectively prevent from and strike down crimes, Chinese criminology research in the 21st century should make efforts in the following ways: further strengthening the research on basic theories of criminology so as to supply the decision-making body with the high quality research accomplishments; deepening the monographic study on the problems of crime so as to serve the practice of fighting against crime; improving the approach to research on criminological theories so as to enhanc...

为了更加有效地预防和打击犯罪，2 1世纪的中国犯罪学研究应当做到：进一步加强犯罪问题基础理论研究，为决策层提供高质量的科研成果；深入开展有关犯罪问题的专题研究，为与犯罪作斗争的实践服务；改进犯罪学理论研究的方法，提高犯罪学理论研究的深度与实用性。

As such legislation has just come into effect and relevant cases in practice are rare, the judiciary are unfamiliar with this crime, Furthermore, due to the lack of corresponding practical experience, and the wide-ranging scope of this crime which involves penology, finance and criminology as well as the fact that our country hasnt had special anti-money laundering legislation and special financial supervision measures, punishment on and prevention of the crime of money laundering in our country are still in the preliminary stage.

但是，由于我国在反洗钱立法方面才刚刚起步，在司法实践中鲜有案例，司法界对之也感觉陌生，缺乏相应的司法实践经验，加之洗钱犯罪所涉及的领域非常广泛，包括刑法学、金融学、犯罪学等交叉学科领域，而我国尚没有专门针对反洗钱犯罪的专门立法和金融监管措施，使得我国的洗钱犯罪的惩治与预防尚处于摸索经验的初级阶段。

Criminal policy, as a cross-subject and cross-specialty synthetic subject, exceeds the range of criminology that particularly studies crimes and criminals and also exceeds the range of penology that studies the reform, education and control of criminals. So its much difficult to research.

刑事政策学作为一门跨学科、跨专业的综合性学科，它既超越了作为纯规范科学的刑法学，也超越了专门研究犯罪现象和犯罪人的犯罪学，超越了以犯罪人的改造、矫正和治理措施为研究对象的刑罚学，因此，研究难度较大。

However, this situation has been changed by the impact of female rights movement. The feminist work in criminology and victimology represents one of the most important advances in the field.

然而，此一状况在妇女运动之后，有了明显的变化，女性主义观点的犯罪学与被害者学，平衡了以往不完整的学术与实务观点，丰富了刑事司法的合理性，而成为犯罪学与被害者学中最重要的主流之一。

It has been for a long time since Cesare Lombroso launched the modern criminology, in the field of traditional criminology and victimology were extremely lacking of the viewpoint of female. Not only most of criminologists and victimologists are male but also most of the practitioners in the criminal justice system are male. For these reasons, all criminological and victimological theories are male-center.

自龙布罗梭闻创了现代犯罪学以还，传统的犯罪学与被害者学，即是缺乏女性观点的，因为，不但是犯罪学家与被害者学家多半是男性，连刑事司法界的从业人员也多半是男性，由於如此，犯罪学与被害者学理论是以男性为中心出发的。

From the view of Criminology and Victimology the author study female family violence offense and firstly definite concepts of female family violence offense and family violence, then analyze the situation, characteristics and harm of female family violence offense, based on

笔者从犯罪学的角度研究女性家庭暴力犯罪，首先界定女性家庭暴力犯罪的概念及家庭暴力的概念，进而分析女性家庭暴力犯罪的现状、特点及危害，并在此基础上研究女性家庭暴力犯罪的原因及其由被害人到加害人的恶逆性转变，最后立足于防治女性家庭暴力犯罪，认为女性家庭暴力犯罪防治应该从以下四个方面着手，即女性家庭暴力犯罪的处遇、被害预防、加害预防及综合治理。

The criminological school of Equality of men and women imposes strong criticism on traditional criminology for ignorance of women and queries the validity of misunderstanding and unjustness to women in such fields as criminal legislation, judicature, and law enforcement. Based on above reason, sex discrimination is put forward in criminology, which contributes a great deal to development of criminology.

男女平等主义犯罪学思想对传统犯罪学忽视女性的做法提出强烈的批判，并就刑事立法、刑事司法、犯罪处遇对女性的错误理解和不公平待遇提出质疑，在此基础上提出了犯罪学中的性别意识问题，这一点对犯罪学的发展意义重大。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。