犯罪

From the research view of criminology, Beccaria has made meaningful research into the measure standard, the causes and prevention of crimes. His research offers a helpful reference for our further exploration of criminology.

从犯罪学的研究角度上，贝卡利亚进行了有益地探索，主要体现在犯罪的衡量标准、犯罪原因以及犯罪的预防三大方面，为我们后世进行犯罪学理论的学习和研究提供了有益的借鉴和参考。

Finally, the moot issue is the relation between the constitution of crime and justifiable action, and then formed two kinds of opposite viewpoints in the theory, one advocated to maintain the existing system, another viewpoint which profits from the continental law legal family and common law legal family advocated to bring the justifiable action into the system of constitution of crime to enable the system more logical.

最后，争议比较大的是犯罪构成与刑法中的正当行为的关系，在理论界形成了两种鲜明对立的观点，一是主张维持现有体系，将刑法中的正当行为放在犯罪构成之外研究，另一种观点主要是在借鉴大陆法系或是英美法系的犯罪构成理论的基础上，主张将刑法中的正当行为纳入犯罪构成体系，使犯罪构成体系更具有逻辑性。

In Order to solve the question that the criminal theory system is the formal or material,it is necessary to contact the question that the criminal theory system is categorical system or teleological system.

犯罪论体系是范畴论还是目的论，是形式犯罪论与实质犯罪论的原点问题。要解决形式与实质犯罪论这一新的刑法学派之争，必须联系犯罪论体系的范畴论与目的论予以考察。

Chapter two is the core part of this article, it analyzes the constitutions of crim...

第二章是本文的核心部分，分别从犯罪客体与对象、犯罪客观方面、犯罪主体和犯罪主观方面论述了信用卡诈骗罪的犯罪构成，其中重点探讨了信用卡诈骗罪的客观方面，对刑法规定的信用卡诈骗罪的四种行为方式尤其是恶意透支进行了详尽的论述。

A common misconception about a crime analyst's job, is that they go out to crime scenes to investigate; That is the job of a criminalist , to collect forensic evidence, or detective who investigates crimes.

关于犯罪分析人员的工作的一种误解就是，许多人认为犯罪分析人员的工作是赶赴犯罪现场、从事侦查；其实，赶赴犯罪现场、从事侦查是侦查人员的工作；因为收集犯罪证据、查缉犯罪人都属于侦查人员职责。

It is undoubtedly correct to theoretically differentiate criminological concept of crime from criminal juristic concept of crime, but it should not be a reason for abandoning the study of crime constitution in criminology .

对犯罪学的犯罪概念和刑法学的犯罪概念作理论区分是正确的，但这不应该成为犯罪学研究中丢弃犯罪构成问题的理由。

This thesis is based on Becker's subjective expected utility theory. This thesis analyses crimes by economic perspectives and from criminals' viewpoint regarding cost and benefit. Besides, based on crime deterrence theory, this thesis applies crime examples to deliberate on social, economic and political variables' influence on crime rates of grand total crime, larceny and violent crime.

中文摘要本文主要系以Becker的主观预期效用理论为基础架构，尝试以经济学的观点来分析犯罪行为，从犯罪者的角度，考虑其犯罪成本与利益，再根据犯罪吓阻理论，以实证来探讨社会、经济及政治因素的变动对全般刑案、窃盗及暴力等三种类型犯罪发生率的影响。

In the late 1990s, the crime committed by students on their peers and the crime committed by teachers on their students are under the spot light of the public discussion, especially the sexual harrassment given by teachers to students.

上世纪九十年代末期，人们对校园犯罪的讨论以及暴露出来的校园犯罪案件大多集中在学生对学生的犯罪和教师对学生的犯罪，尤以教师对学生的性犯罪较为突出。

After haying groping for the conceptual formation of amendatory constitution of crime, this article discusses the shortcomings existing in amendatory constitution of crime theory, and then it proposes that incomplete offense and joint offense should have their own complete and independent constitution of crime.

本文在摸索修正的犯罪构成的概念形成之后，探讨了修正的犯罪构成理论所存在的问题，接着提出未完成形态和共犯形态的犯罪有其完整独立的犯罪构成，最后以修正的犯罪构成不可取为结论。

In calculated crime of joint crime, the paper discusses on the relationship between collusion without perpetration and calculated crime and points out that the person who only colludes but does not perpetrate belongs to co-offender and usually not belongs to co-principal offender. But we shall not always cognize these offenders to be calculated criminal ,we shall analyze their criminal formations combining the concrete situation .

在共同犯罪预备状态中，笔者讨论了共谋而未实行与共同犯罪预备状态的关系，认为共谋而未实行者属于共同犯罪人，且一般不属于共同犯罪的正犯，但不能简单地以行为人所实行的共谋行为属于犯罪预备行为而一概认定其处于犯罪预备状态，而应结合具体情况具体分析。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷