特性态

Based on the theoretical model coupling Maxwells equation with the rate equation of 4 level inverted population, the numerical simulation is made via the FDTD method and MATLAB programs. The simulation results show that 1. With the increase of the pumping rate, both the localization of the electric field and the spectrum mode numbers will change; 2. The lasing threshold decreases by increasing the size or concentration of the scatters; 3. The lasing threshold also decreases by increasing the size of samples or strengthening the sample randomness.

在理论和实验研究的基础上，利用麦克斯韦方程与四能级反转粒子数的速率方程相耦合的理论模型，采用时域有限差分方法和MATLAB程序对随机激光泵浦阈值特性进行了数值模拟与计算，模拟结果显示：随着泵浦速率的增大，出现了阈值前后电场强度局域态及频谱模式数的改变；随着散射体粒径的增大，浓度的增大，阈值呈现下降的趋势；随着样品长度的增大，随机强度的增强，阈值也呈现下降的趋势。

According to the structural properties of tuning blade-disk assemblies, the matrix perturbation method is used to analyze the influence of mistuning on the natural vibration characteristics. The formulas for perturbation values of first and second order are derived.

根据谐调叶盘的结构特点，用矩阵摄动法分析了失调对叶盘固有振动特性的影响，推导了孤立特征值和密集模态组二种情况下固有频率和振型的一阶、二阶摄动计算公式。

In this paper, we present a wave theory based rendering technique: light wave field rendering, by combining wave graphics, Fourier optics, computational holography and the existed image based rendering techniques. In light wave field rendering, a 3D wave field is represented by one or more wavefronts which are stored as 2D arrays of complex numbers.

本文结合波动图形学、计算全息学和傅立叶光学等研究领域的相关技术，将波动的概念引入光场绘制过程，根据定态光波场的解析特性，使用平面或封闭曲面波前上的二维复振幅分布，来表示无源空间中三维的光波场，提出了一种基于光波场的绘制技术，用于三维物体的视点无关绘制和立体真实再现。

ZnO varistors is characterized by its excellent nonlinear volt-amppere characteristic and very low leakage current under steady-state voltage.

氧化锌压敏电阻器具有优良的非线性伏安特性，在稳态工作电压下漏电流很小。

Based on the characteristics of varistor, the influence of the different impedance values between the protective devices is discussed.

结合浪涌保护器的电压—电流特性，利用推导出的公式研究由压敏电阻组成的多级保护系统，分析两保护器之间的阻抗变化对暂态过电压在两级保护器上分配的影响。

There are two kinds of methods for the supramolecular organization i. e. the formation of colloid crystals and the templated assembling. Two dimensional and three dimensional superlat tices can be obtained with the colloid crystal method.

胶态晶体法是利用胶体溶液的自组装特性将纳米团簇组装成超晶格，可得到二维或三维有序的超晶格。

In the first chapter, the history and the situation of the study of tire properties in steady state condition are summarised.

第一章综述了轮胎稳态特性研究的历史和现状，并重点分析了纯理论模型和半经验模型的研究状况，确立了本文的研究方向。

From the analysis of automobile vibration sources and the human responses to vibration, a mechanic model of man-chair-vehicle system with 13 degrees of freedom is built by vibration pattern analyzing technology. Using the random vibration theory, the calculating methods are developed for parameters, including vibration pattern, transfer function, wheel transient load, and acceleration of seat, automobile ride quality simulation software is developed.

通过分析汽车振动源和人体对振动的反应，用模态综合技术，建立了十三自由度人－椅－车系统的动力学模型，运用随机振动理论，给出了振动形态、传递函数、悬架动挠度、车轮动载荷、座椅加速度等参量的计算方法，开发了一套&汽车平顺性仿真软件&并利用已有的汽车数据，对汽车行驶时的振动特性进行了仿真，得到了重要结论：发动机与轮胎刚度、阻尼，后桥阻尼对驾驶员座椅处的振动影响不大；驾驶员座椅的垂直刚度增加很大时，对垂直方向振动响应比较大；前桥刚度、阻尼对驾驶员座椅处的振动影响较大；前轮胎刚度对前桥振动影响较大，前轮胎刚度增加，则振动加强；后桥刚度对汽车平顺性有一定影响，后桥刚度减小，则座椅处垂直加速度减小。

Some principles were preposed which should be followed in the production of various color decorative cement.

本文利用晶体场理论解释了所得到的掺杂硅酸钙的光学吸收光谱和电子顺磁共振谱，并由此半定量地计算了对装饰水泥的颜色特性有较大影响的五个过渡金属元素铬、锰、铁、钴、镍在硅酸钙中的晶体场参数，确定了它们的价态，配位状态和置换方式，提出了生产不同颜色的装饰水泥所应遵循的一些原则。

A constitutive model was developed on the base of Ohno–Wang kinematic hardening model Int. J. Plast. 9 (1993 375, 391. In the developed model, the rate dependence of the material was reflected by a viscous term; the steady cyclic flow was reflected by the evolution of kinematic hardening rules with critical state of dynamic recovery developed by Ohno and Wang Int. J. Plast. 9 (1993 375, 391; the cyclic hardening was only characterized by the evolution of isotropic hardening and an evolution rule of isotropic hardening with a term of dynamic recovery was used; the effect of loading history on the ratcheting was also considered by introducing a fading memorization function for maximum plastic strain amplitude into the model.

基于Ohno-Wang模型建立了一个新的、考虑材料的率相关特性的本构模型，模型中通过具有临界面的随动硬化律来反映稳态的循环流动，并通过带动态恢复项的各向同性硬化演化率来反映循环硬化的影响以及采用最大塑性应变幅值的衰减记忆函数来反映棘轮行为的加载历史记忆效应。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！