特性

Windmilling characteristics are one of the important performance indices to engine design and assessment. It is very difficult to accurately determine engine windmilling characteristics, in particular windmilling drag, for the windmilling state seriously deviates from the engine design point.

风车特性是航空发动机设计和考核的重要性能指标，由于风车状态严重偏离发动机的设计工作状态，因此很难准确确定发动机的风车特性尤其是风车阻力特性。

The gas turbine engine windmilling is a state that when the engine doesn t work,the rotors temporarily operate at a sub-steady rotating speed due to the airflow ram and the co-work of aerodynamics,rotor inertia and drag torque.

由于很多燃气涡轮发动机都缺乏计算风车特性必需的低转速状态的部件特性，给计算发动机风车状态的特性带来了很大的困难。

Firstly,based on the WR Sexton method,the method and mathematic models of supplementing the sub-idle rotating component characteristics is presented.Secondly,the turbofan windmilling high-low pressure rotor co-working equations and the whole engine co-working equations are established.lastly,a turbofan engine windmilling characteristics under various windmilling conditions are simulated and analyzed.

首先，基于不可压流理论，附以可压缩效应修正的指数法发展了补充慢车转速以下部件特性的计算模型和计算程序；其次，根据流量连续、压力平衡、功率平衡、燃烧室进出口总温相等及转速相等等约束条件建立了风车状态时涡扇发动机高低压转子及整机的共同工作方程；最后发展了具有一定计算精度的涡扇发动机风车状态特性计算模型和程序，并以某型涡扇发动机为例，计算分析了不同飞行条件下发动机的风车特性，从计算结果看，其趋势是合理的。

Experimental research on the vibration of single slab and multi ones set in the arch ring is carried out in the first time. Slab vibration divisions along the water flow are proposed and their lists are determined. Laws of vibration distribution along water flow, across the arch ring, in time zone and frequency one are established. The most dangerous condition to slab's stability is obtained by comparing slab vibration in the different downstream depth.

首次对反拱水垫塘拱圈弹性单、多底板块的振动特性进行了试验研究，提出了拱圈底板块沿流程的振动分区，给出了各振动区的界限，得到拱圈单、多底板块振动特征值沿流程及沿拱圈的分布规律，底板块振动的时域和频域特性，对不同下游水位的振动特性进行了比较，给出了对拱圈底板块的稳定最不利的条件。

By using AAS and XRF, the contents of Cr, Pb, Mn, As, Se, Hg, Cd, Zn in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ashes are measured quantitatively in a 220 t/h pulverized coal boiler. Factors affecting the distribution of trace elements are investigated, including fly ash diameter, furnace temperature, oxygen content and trace elements' characters. The coefficient of Meij is also improved to more directly show element enrichment in combustion products. Elements may be classified into three groups according to volatility features of trace elements.

采用原子吸收分光光度计和X射线荧光光谱仪，定量测定了电厂煤粉炉中原煤、底渣、飞灰中Cr、Pb、Mn、As、Se、Hg、Cd、Zn等微量元素的含量，分析了飞灰粒径、炉膛温度、炉内含氧量、微量元素自身性质对微量元素赋存、挥发特性的影响，并根据元素的挥发特性将元素进行分类，得出表征微量元素排放特性的3种数值，并与我国和欧盟垃圾焚烧微量元索排放标准相对照。

A series of test are carried out to analyze the characteristics of high temperature rutting, low temperature crack resistance,water stability, fatigue resistance and skid resistance of stone mastic asphalt mixture, stone asphalt concrete and dense graded asphalt concrete. The results show that the pavement performance of SMA is super to the others.

摘 要：通过对沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料、多碎石沥青混凝土、密级配沥青混凝土进行的一系列路用性能试验研究，包括高温变形特性、水稳性、低温抗裂性、抗疲劳特性以及抗滑特性试验，结果表明沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料具有优良的路用性能。

Through experimental methods,an experimental study has been performed of the dynamic characteristics of heat exchangers with continuous spiral baffle plate s,which have water and oil to serve as heat exchange working media.

建立了可进行壳管式换热器动态特性试验研究系统，通过试验研究的方法对水-油为换热工质的连续螺旋折流板管壳式换热器动态特性进行了试验研究，进口流量扰动为等百分比流量特性，研究了4种流量扰动方式下水和油出口温度的动态响应。

In order to fulfil the requirements for measuring radiation and insertion loss characteristic of smoke screen at 3mm band, an automatic measurement system, including a transmitter and an integrated 3mm band radiometer/receiver is developed.

为了满足3mm波段烟幕辐射特性和插入损耗特性测量的需要，研制了3mm波段烟幕特性自动测量系统-3mm辐射源和3mm辐射计／接收机一体机。

By analyzing the igniting characteristics, spreading characteristics and maintenance-fire of the litters, the paper also studied their physical properties, fuel bed characteristics and temperature changes.

通过分析凋落物的物理性质、可燃物床特性及阴燃过程中的温度变化数据，研究了3种凋落物阴燃的引燃特性、持火力和蔓延特性。

The dough rheological properties, quantities of protein and gluten, and starch viscosities and dough rheological properties was key quality traits for processing quality improving of pan bread, steamed bread and white salted noodle of winter wheat breeding in Xinjiang, respectively.

从以上结果可以看出，面包与面团流变学特性，馒头与蛋白质和面筋数量，面条与面团流变学特性及淀粉糊化特性的关系更为密切，这些品质性状可以作为新疆冬小麦品种面包、馒头、面条加工品质改良时的辅助选择指标。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。