特征曲线

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

The characteristics of multibar raschel lace were studied in this article, and the spline function was suggested to the loop structure and determine the minter and position of control points necessary for forming a loop by a guide bar through wd insertion and fall-plate. And the theoretical model for each typed loop we set up.

研究了多梳拉舍尔花边的结构特征，根据花边织物的结构特点提出了用样条曲线来模拟线圈结构，并确定了花梳作成圈、衬纬和压纱组织时线圈结构中控制点的数目和位置，建立了花边织物中线圈结构的理论模型。

Result The phenological characteristics of Nandina domestica from different areas and germplasm resources were basically identical; the growth patterns of cultivated type and wild type were also basically identical while the cultivated type grew faster than the wild type; both the two types grew very quickly in young stage while the annual growth of new shoots and the growth patterns of leaves all followed the fitting curve of the Logistic equation.

结果］南天竹各地理种质资源物候特征基本一致；栽培型和野生型生长规律基本一致，但栽培型的生长速度大于野生型；不管是栽培型或是野生型南天竹的高生长在幼龄期都比较迅速，其新梢的年生长、叶片生长规律都遵循Logistic方程的拟合曲线。

In granularity characteristic of sediment, after typhoon attacking, beach sediment incline to coarse, gravel content added, but part beach sediment show fine, sediment sorting becomes worse, skewness value minished, skewness changes to negative skewness direction, kurtosis value increased, the curves of sediment frequency distributing display double apices.

在沉积物粒度特征上，风后海滩沉积物以粗化现象为主，砾石含量增加，部分海滩沉积物出现细化现象，沉积物分选性变差，偏态值减小，偏态向负偏方向变化，峰态值增加，风后沉积物频率分布曲线多双峰分布。

The interpolate algorithms of three-order NURBS curve and double three-orders NURBS surface are presented. The expressions of partial derivative and normal curvature of NURBS surface are derived by the theory of differential geometry. The geometric characteristics of different curvature area of the free-form surfaces are analyzed in detail. All these work lays a theoretical foundation for constructing the cutter location calculating model of free-form surfaces NC machining. 2 On the basis of analyzing the methods of cutter path generation, the standard of evaluating the various methods of cutter path generation is presented. The method of generating cutter path with constant scallop height is presented for the first time.

本文以提高复杂曲面多坐标数控加工精度和加工效率为目的，在对国内外研究现状进行深入分析的基础上，对数控编程中各环节的关键技术问题进行了深入研究，主要内容包括以下几方面： 1 分析了复杂曲面各种造型方法的优缺点，给出了根据各种边界条件所确定自由曲面的NURBS表示方法以及三次NURBS曲线曲面反算算法；用微分几何理论推导了NURBS曲面的偏导矢及法曲率计算表达式；对曲面不同曲率特性区域的几何特征进行了深入分析，为建立复杂曲面的数控加工刀位计算模型奠定了理论基础。

In order to improve modeling capacity of combined subdivision surface, according to the characteristics of combined subdivision, parameter adjusting method and compound curve network construction method were presented.

为增强联合细分曲面的造型能力，根据联合细分的特点，提出了参数修改和复合曲线网两种特征构造方法。

According to the feature of case design method, first characteristic parametric curve laws about case is studied, and by classifying parametric curves the solving accuracy is improved.

按实例化设计方法的特点，首先研究了实例特征参数曲线规律，并将其分类组织提高实例的搜索速度和问题的求解精度。

The great tour purchasing power is the drive power of promoting the region's tourism developmentln the regional space, scale economic and regional separation are one of the basic characteristics of promoting tourism industry, So we must arrange the regional tourism industry with a systematic method and give prominence to the central city. For its outstanding area in the regional space, central city has evident superiority in the regional ecnomic development, and has echelon between central city and its periphery scennic spots, which is the inducement mechanism of tourism industry's arranging, developing and advancing step by step. For the law of diminishing marginal utility and the theory of equilibrium, the max utility equilibrium of tourism consumption be at the point of tangency of undiscrepancy curve and the cost budget curve.

中心城市居民巨大的出游力是拉动其周边旅游地发展重要的内在驱动力；由于地缘关系，区域规模经济与地域分割并存，是旅游产业运动的一个基本特征，为此必须对区域旅游经济进行系统化布局，突出中心城市的产业中心性；因其区位条件独特，中心城市在区域经济发展中居于明显的优势，与周边城乡部位存在经济发展上的梯次性，这种梯次性是区域旅游生产力布局、产业发展梯次传动，最终整体联动的经济诱导机制；根据边际效用递减规律和旅游者最大效用均衡理论，旅游消费效用最大化的均衡在无差异曲线与开支预算线的切点(即旅游目的地选择的最佳位置)上，且随着边际效用递减，目的地选择的最佳位置向远离中心城市方向移动，这就是中心城市与周边旅游地互动关系的经济学解释。

The method comprises the following: a step of calibrating a camera, which is to utilize a Taylor series model to calibrate an omni-directional vision sensor so as to obtain internal parameters of the camera; a step of obtaining epipolar geometric relation, which comprises the steps of calculating an essential matrix between binocular omni-directional cameras and extracting the rotation and translation component of the cameras; a step of correcting an outer polar line, which is to correct the outer polar line of a shot omni-directional stereo image so as to allow a corrected polar quadratic curve to coincide with an image scan line; and a step of three-dimensional reconstruction, which is to carry out feature point matching to the corrected stereo image and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of points according to matching results.

该方法的步骤包括：相机标定：利用泰勒级数模型对全向视觉传感器进行标定，得到相机内参；对极几何关系求取：包括计算双目全向相机之间的本质矩阵，并从中提取相机的旋转和平移分量；外极线校正：对所拍摄的全向立体图像对进行外极线校正，使校正后的极二次曲线与图像扫描线重合；三维重建：对校正后的立体图像对进行特征点匹配，根据匹配结果计算点的三维坐标。

Firstly, the basic character of the remote filed eddy current is simulated and analyzed in case of two-dimension axial symmetry which approves the existence of remote filed eddy current phenomenon; the full circumferential defect model is investigated to approve the feasibility of using the RFEC techniques to detect the position and depth of defect; the pit corrosion、circumferential and axial crack models are simulated, and the defect character based on voltage plane polar plot and the changes of phase and amplitude are analyzed to supply the standard for defect reconfiguration.

首先，在二维轴对称情况下仿真与分析了远场涡流的基本特性，证实了远场涡流现象的存在；对全周向缺陷的远场涡流检测进行了详细研究，证实了远场涡流检测缺陷位置和深度的可行性；对点状腐蚀、轴向与周向裂纹三种非轴对称缺陷进行三维有限元仿真，利用相位差和幅值变化曲线与电压平面极坐标图对缺陷特征进行分析，为缺陷形状重构提供了依据。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。